Gender Development :: essays research papers

The virago is the "Mother Jungle" (Sachamama). Its home to the last free-roaming animals and to the vegetable universe in its superlative splendor. Its the great temple of Nature as a proof to Gods original ideas, without human manipulation. When we travel in the national of the lumber, our body recognizes this hallowed place, and each of our cellsawakens from its urban lethargy. Our inner biology readjusts to the rhythm of the pure air offered to us by the sacred garden. Our minds are slowly cleansed and we begin to see to it the voices of the birds, the fish, the boa, the crocodile and the wind. For the first time we hear the powerful voice of the storm before it breaks into passionate rain. The mighty music of the concert of Life on planet Earth. After the water, the sun comes with its live-giving embrace. All the animals consummate Life, Love, and Death in the Forest. At dusk, infinite heartbeats become one and an ancient and immense peace fills our bodies and minds . Biodiversity and anthropology are the fundamentalcharacteristics of the Ecuadorian Amazon. A haven toornithology, bugology and orchidology to uniqueland mammals --primates, felines, tapirs and manyothers to Pink Dolphins to countless reptiles,insects and amphibians, the Amazon hobo camp is alsothe home to some of the last and most ancestrallyunique human groups the Huaorani and Quechuacultures. on with those main interests, visitors can get ataste of Shamanism (spiritual cleansing rituals),jungle gastronomy, natural cosmetics, traditionalmedicine, and Amazon handicrafts.Regularly scheduled programs invite visitors to diaphragm in beautiful Jungle Lodges that blend perfectlyinto the forest and offer a full range of activities tointroduce them into the reality of the Amazon basin,including boat rides in rivers walled by the mostluxuriant vegetation on earth, and walks under anendless canopy of giant trees. The "Sachamama" trips take visitors to one of the last areas of tota lly virgin forest in the Ecuadorian Amazon. There are no roads in this part of the jungle. Travel is done exclusively by river and by air, entering the jungle by specially chartered airplane and travelling by indigenous methods by dugout canoe. The group then stops along the river to penetrate the interior of the forest and camp every night on the beaches of the river or in the forest at the waters edge, the natives way...The program allows small and selected groups of visitors to participate in the life of the Amazon and its people, sharing their ways, their nomad lodgings, their jungle.

Essay on Blanche DuBois as Butterfly in Tennessee Williams A Streetcar

The Portrayal of Blanche as Butterfly or Moth in A tramway Named propensity In A Streetcar named Desire, Williams uses description and negotiation to develop the plays characters. In the beginning of the play, Williams describes Blanche as a moth. A moth and a butterfly seem to be very similar however, they cod very different outward miens and habits. A butterfly is very showy as it flits throughout life, whereas a moth tries hard not to bring attention to itself. Butterflies ar open and very visible, but a moth is nocturnal and secretive. The American Heritage Dictionary defines a butterfly as a person interested chiefly in frivolous pleasure a self-centered person intent on pleasure (line 2). Although Williams describes Blanch as a moth, his use of description and negotiation bring out sexual undertones that portray Blanche to be a butterfly instead of a moth. In Scene I of A Streetcar Named Desire, Williams writes-- Her appearance is incongruous in this setting. She is daintily dressed in a white suit with a fluffy bodice, necklace, and earrings of pearl, white gloves and hat, looking as if she were arriving at a summer tea or cocktail party in the garden districtThere is something about her uncertain manner, as well as her clothes, that suggests a moth. (qtd. In Bloom 51) Williamss description leads others to perceive Blanche as an insecure, unassuming person, a typical Southern Belle-- a moth. Although the color of Blanches vestments suggests simplicity, the style of her clothing contrasts with the surrounding environment. Blanche is wearing this attire as she arrives at her sisters home. Her sister lives in a run- down three-room apartment. The apartment contains th... ...erpretations of A Streetcar Named Desire a Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. Jordan Y. Miller. New Jersey Prentice, 1971. Monarch Notes. Works of Tennessee Williams. Williams, Tennessee, 1 Jan. 1963 (http//www.elibrary.com/s/edu mark/search). Preston, Rohan. Actors R ev Up a Gritty, High-Octane Streetcar Minneapolis StarTribune. 3 March 1999, 04E. Streetcars Fiftieth Anniversary All Things Considered. NPR. WWNO, New Orleans. 1 Dec. 1997. The American Heritage Dictionary, CD-ROM. Microsoft Bookshelf 98. Microsoft Corp. 1987-97. Williams, Dakin and Shephard Mead. Tennessee Williams An Intimate Biography. New York Arbor House, 1998. Williams, Tennessee. A Streetcar Named Desire a New Directions Book, copyright 1947. Canada Penguin, 1980. Williams, Tennessee. Memoirs. Garden City, NY Doubleday, 1975.

Americans Love Capital Punishment :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Americans Love Capital Punishment There is one question that has always brought about controversy. Shouldcapital punishment be employ as a way of disciplining criminals? Over the pasttwenty years, there has been an enormous increase in violent crimes. It seemslogical that a person is less(prenominal) likely to commit a given act if by doing so hewill suffer swift and certain punishment of a frightful kind. As most Americansagree, death is the only appropriate punishment for such crimes. In ancient times executions were not uncommon. Even the Bible teachescapital punishment. It states, Who so sheddeth mans blood, by man shall hisblood be shed for in the image of God made he man (Bible). In ancient times a hardened of laws were written which specified many crimes punishable by capitalpunishment. These laws were the Code of Hammurabi. Some of the punishablecrimes mentioned included adultery, robbery witchcraft, and murder. During theMiddle Ages, the Church assumed the certificate of indebtedness of administering punishments. During the late 1700s the death penalty steadily grew in acceptance. Over200 crimes were punishable by death at the beginning of the 1800s. There werejust as many methods used to execute wrong-doers as there were crimes. Some ofthe techniques used included beheading, stoning, drowning, hanging, crucifying,and burying people alive. Also used were many nontraditional forms ofexecution. integrity type of execution utilized elephants to crush the criminalshead on a stone block. As times changed, so did the death penalty. Laws aimed at abolishingthe death penalty began to evolve at the turn of the century. Even with thechanges made, the effectiveness of capital punishment stayed right on track.The crimes punishable by death became more specific, while nigh were eradicatedcompletely. For example, there are different types of capital murder that havebeen specifically defined, but vary from one jurisdiction to another. Theseinclude murder carrie d out during the accusation of another felony, murder of apeace officer, corrections employee, or firefighter engaged in the performanceof official duties, murder by an inmate dower a life sentence, and murder forhire (Contract Murder). Other crimes worthy of death include espionage by amember of the Armed Forces (communication of information to a hostilegovernment), tampering where death results by a witness, and death resultingfrom aircraft hijacking. While hangings and firing squads remained in use,many forms of execution were done away with. Methods such as electrocution, lethal gas, and lethal injection soon replaced the annulled ones. As withalmost everything, there were exceptions made. Some states the prohibited the

Prisoners of War Essay -- War Hostage Violence Government Essays

Prisoners of WarThe United States angers terrorists and other foreigners on a daily basis, besides we find it hard to understand why. Examples abound and most often relate to ignorant decisions on behalf of the govern handst concerning the welfare of these foreigners. The situation on the island of Cuba at the maritime Station of Guantnamo Bay has grown out of hand. Here, the U.S. holds the prisoners that it has captured as part of its war on terrorism in a camp. They hold ver 600 men there without inter-group communication with their home countries or families and without the legal consultation of a lawyer. President Bush classifies these prisoners as enemy combatants and the U.S. says that for this reason they can withhold their rights unlike a frequent prisoner in the case of wars (Jost). During an election year such as the current one, cases such as these must be taken into consideration before electing or maintaining a leader that might choose to find ways to bend the rules on human rights. The detainees of Guantnamo Bay have their rights as prisoners of war denied and the U.S. does non define them as such. Much evidence to suggest otherwise includes the type of enemies included in the detainees and the international laws suggested in the Geneva Conventions. The U.S. has done nothing extralegal based upon the international laws that it has adopted. However, one rends to question whether the laws adopted or not adopted by the U.S. rightfully define the prisoners based upon what has been laid out by the founding fathers of America. We can hardly assume that they do.Before anyone can make judgments upon the rights of the detainees, it must first be decided upon what these men can and cannot be considered. The men held at Guantnamo... ... to the Treatment of Prisoners of War. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. 2002. On-line. Internet. 22 Feb. 2004. <http//www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/91.htm.Geneva Convention.Encyclopdia Britannica. 2004. Encyclopdia Britannica Online.22 Feb. 2004 <http//search.eb.com/eb/article?eu=37105.Guerrilla. Encyclopdia Britannica. 2004. Encyclopdia Britannica Online.22 Feb. 2004 <http//search.eb.com/eb/article?eu=39163.Jost, Kenneth. Civil Liberties Debates. The CQ Researcher Online 13.37 (2003). 22 February 2004 <http//library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher.Martin, Peter W. U.S. Constitution-Bill of Rights. 14 March. 1993 On-line. Internet. 22 Feb. 2004. < http//www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/constitution.billofrights.html.Rumsfeld defends Guantanamo. Tapei Times. 15 Feb. 2004, pg. 7.

Personal Narrative - Working While Attending College Essay -- Job Work

With the cost of college nowadays, you almost have to be rich to sack without functional at least part of the time. When I came to impudently Jersey from India, I thought it would be easy to get a computer comprehension degree and pursue the career of my choice. It turned out to be much harder than I expected. Working full-time and taking much much than two years, that I have discovered that you can turn the line of working full-time while attending college into a big opportunity to improve your life. commencement ceremony of all, you have to gibe how to live with a double schedule. When I first came to this country, I got a full-time job in a bank. When I began my studies thought process that I would work only part time. Instead, I right away realized I could not afford to pay my rent and other expense without working full-time. This meant I would have to maintain a forty-hour or more work e really week and fit my courses in whenever I could. Luckily, the community colleg e I treasured to attend had an eventide program that allowed me to take courses in the evening and weekends. On paper this looked like a good schedule, but I was shocked to learn that I had no time for social activities or shopping, and very little for homework. The first semester I slept only five hours a night and became so stock(a) that I thought I wouldnt make it. By the end of the first term, I was sure that with enough determination I would reach my goal.A working also has to overcome academic difficulties and make certain choices. I didnt... Personal Narrative - Working While Attending College Essay -- Job Work With the cost of college nowadays, you almost have to be rich to finish without working at least part of the time. When I came to New Jersey from India, I thought it would be easy to get a computer science degree and pursue the career of my choice. It turned out to be much harder than I expected. Working full-time and taking much more than two years , but I have discovered that you can turn the problem of working full-time while attending college into a big opportunity to improve your life.First of all, you have to learn how to live with a double schedule. When I first came to this country, I got a full-time job in a bank. When I began my studies thinking that I would work only part time. Instead, I quickly realized I could not afford to pay my rent and other expense without working full-time. This meant I would have to maintain a forty-hour or more work every week and fit my courses in whenever I could. Luckily, the community college I wanted to attend had an evening program that allowed me to take courses in the evening and weekends. On paper this looked like a good schedule, but I was shocked to learn that I had no time for social activities or shopping, and very little for homework. The first semester I slept only five hours a night and became so tired that I thought I wouldnt make it. By the end of the first term, I was su re that with enough determination I would reach my goal.A working also has to overcome academic difficulties and make sensible choices. I didnt...

Personal Narrative - Working While Attending College Essay -- Job Work

With the cost of college nowadays, you or so hire to be rich to finish without go awaying at least part of the time. When I came to New Jersey from India, I estimate it would be light(a) to get a computer science degree and move the career of my choice. It turned out to be much harder than I expected. Working full-time and pickings much more than two years, but I eat up discovered that you can turn the problem of working full-time while attending college into a big opportunity to improve your life.First of all, you have to defraud how to live with a double schedule. When I first came to this country, I got a full-time put-on in a bank. When I began my studies thinking that I would work only part time. Instead, I quickly realized I could not afford to wear my rent and other expense without working full-time. This meant I would have to maintain a forty-hour or more work every week and fit my courses in whenever I could. Luckily, the community college I wanted to attend had a n even program that allowed me to take courses in the evening and weekends. On paper this looked like a equitable schedule, but I was shocked to learn that I had no time for social activities or shopping, and very little for homework. The first semester I slept only pentad hours a night and became so tired that I thought I wouldnt make it. By the end of the first term, I was sure that with lavish determination I would reach my goal.A working as well has to overcome academic difficulties and make sensible choices. I didnt... Personal Narrative - Working While Attending College Essay -- Job Work With the cost of college nowadays, you almost have to be rich to finish without working at least part of the time. When I came to New Jersey from India, I thought it would be easy to get a computer science degree and pursue the career of my choice. It turned out to be much harder than I expected. Working full-time and taking much more than two years, but I have discovered t hat you can turn the problem of working full-time while attending college into a big opportunity to improve your life.First of all, you have to learn how to live with a double schedule. When I first came to this country, I got a full-time job in a bank. When I began my studies thinking that I would work only part time. Instead, I quickly realized I could not afford to pay my rent and other expense without working full-time. This meant I would have to maintain a forty-hour or more work every week and fit my courses in whenever I could. Luckily, the community college I wanted to attend had an evening program that allowed me to take courses in the evening and weekends. On paper this looked like a good schedule, but I was shocked to learn that I had no time for social activities or shopping, and very little for homework. The first semester I slept only five hours a night and became so tired that I thought I wouldnt make it. By the end of the first term, I was sure that with enough deter mination I would reach my goal.A working also has to overcome academic difficulties and make sensible choices. I didnt...

Brand Management Sara Lee: The Unno Launch Essay

1. What were Grupo Sans notices and what strike out identity did they have?Grupo Sans, a attraction in Spanish under go bad marketplace in 1970s and 1980s, was founded in 1960 in Matar. Becoming a part of Sara Lee Corporation, the multinational comp any with the biggest at that time textile division in the world, in 1991, contributed to the growth and development of the caller-up, and has led to the fact that 9 years later(in 2000) Grupo Sans income accounted for more than one-fourth of Sara Lee income in Spain.Source Google ImagesName Year objective Group Values Name Year Target Group Values Name Year Target Group ValuesAbanderado 1963. 1st underwear home run of Grupo Sans. Men and teenage boys. Was the market leader for mens underwear in Spain by the year 2000. Traditional, solid, masculine, attractive price, best materials. Princesa 1969. 2nd underwear brand of Grupo Sans. Young girls and grown-up women. Traditional, feminine, attractive price, best materials. Princesa 1969 . 2nd underwear brand of Grupo Sans. Men and young boys. Comfortable, sophisticated, attractive price, best materials. Love at first sightAs we can see, all 3 underwear brands of Grupo Sans shared the same values to provide their customers with the highest quality product at an affordable price. A distinctive ingest of the underwear of the group was conventionality of products, which was important for the master(prenominal) goat audience adults and the elderly. This led to the fact that although with existing brands Grupo 1Sans managed to become the market leader in Spain with market shares of 35% in slips and boxer shorts, 45% in mens T-shirts, 23% in womens T-shirts, 15% in panties, and 37% in babys romper suits, there was a gap in target audience between 15 and 35, who perceived the underwear as also traditional and nonfashionable, and thus didnt want to buy it. That, and several another(prenominal) factors, have led the management of the attach to to the decision to create a mod, non-traditional and new-fangled brand of underwear Unno. 2. When and why was the Unno brand launched?The year 1994 Here comes digital era with cell phone and Internet businesses. A new generation of brands had appeared in Spain, all attacking the youth segment and bombarding it with new c at a timepts, new technologies, and new brands. Suddenly the understanding comes that youth is the segment that consumes most and, with the advent of social networks and other modern means of Source Google Images communication, represents opinion leaders.Meanwhile, Grupo Sans faced difficulties in achieving further growth due to static situation on domestic market, at which 90% of sales were made. Spain had the lowest birth rate in Europe and there was zero population growth. Moreover, underwear quality was constantly improving and it took longer for drapes to wear out. That is why Group Sans had to target teens in underwear industry in prepare to increase profit and achieve further gr owth.It could be made by means of line extension of the groups traditional brand (such as Abanderado, for example) or by creating a new brand, which would specially address young people aged 15 to 35. The problem with first choice was described by Josep Maria Sans Boys growing up wanted their own brand once they became teenagers. Abanderado couldnt satisfy that need because the kids had worn the same brand as children and it was also what their parents wore. The same was true of the Princesa brand in the case of girls That is why in 1999 the company decided to adopt a new concept, and establish a new brand Unno which became successful due to several reasons 1) Employing the seamless garments now realistic with the new technology 2) Simple and understandable for teenagers brand name Unno, which communicated that the product was the first, the best and unique. 3) you? 3. Was it really preferable to laungh the Unno brand than to extend one of the existing brands (Abanderado and/or Pri ncesa)?The marketing campaign, with catchword Are you corroding it, or arent At the morsel of the launch of the new line of underwear that used the new technology, Grupo Sans was facing a dilemma should the new line be launched as an extension of one of the groups existing brands (Abanderado, Princesa and Ocean) or should it be launched under an merely new brand that the company would create from scratch? 3Given the fact that Grupo Sans brands have a big share of the underwear market and twain are well-known brands by the consumer, the initial thought would be to extend either of these brands to launch the new solution. However, as strong as these brands were at the moment of the launch, they were targeting very specific segments while Abanderado targeted adult men and boys, Princesa targeted adult women and girls.This meant that, even if these brands were very successful in these segments, it could be hard to extend them onto other target segments such as the one Grupo Sans id entified young adults between 15 and 35 years old. This new segment didnt want to wear any of the other brands because they saw them as something their parents wear, something uncool and boring. As the following positioning map shows, none of the existing brands could easily be extended to chase after the targeted segment. Moreover, if one of the brands was to be repositioned in order to fit the new segmentation, its sales from existing customers could drop significantly.In summing up to this, Grupo Sans wanted the new line to be perceived as something innovative and cool and decided to give the new line the highest priority in the company. Therefore, it made more sense for them to launch the new product and new technology under an entirely new brand Unno. That way, they could focus on building the brand from scratch and making sure it was perceived the way they wanted. 4. How would you assess Unno as a brand name?Makes think of leader Brand the first to do something Unifies brand s for women and men Short, cool name sightly what teenagers want May lead to confusins Unno or You no in English, for example Unno one piece Sounds Italian this is good for fashion industryThe goal of ingress the Unno brand was to create a new product line that was perceived as something modern and innovative. We believe that the name Unno fits perfectly with this goal because of several reasons. stolon of all the word Unno is an alteration of the word Uno, which means one in Spanish. This is perfectly in line with Grupo Sans strategy for the new brand to be the leader in the new technology and in the new segment they target. Moreover, it can be associated with being the first to get into this market, being the first mover. In addition to this, the brand Unno also signifies the unification of Grupo Sans male and female brands.As a name, Unno sounds cool and is short enough for people to remember easily. Young adults, Unnos briny target, will feel identified with the brand and the name will help them perceive the brands image. Moreover, the name sounds very Italian, which can be just thanks to the positive perception of Italian fashion. Finally, the name Unno perfectly portrays the new technology Unno represents. A one-piece garment that feels like youare not eroding anything. It becomes one with your body.5. What were Unnos chief(prenominal) communication objectives in 1999 and 2000? Why?Even though there were specific communication objectives in 1999 and 2000, the main objective of Unnos advertising was to sell the concept of a one-piece garment that moulded to the bodys shape, didnt leave marks, and stretched to fit. The brand was communicating the idea that comfort was the main product benefit, and that it was like not wearing anything at all. Unnos communication was also aimed at achieving brand awareness for being the first and only brand selling this kind of product at that moment. But, advertising and commercials were not exactly the same in 19 99 and 2000. In 1999, the year of the new product and brand launch, the main communication objectives were to inform about the benefits of the new technology used in the new product. The company focused on letting people know what were the benefits and the garment qualities of the Unno innovative underwear.These garment qualities were mainly that it was seamless and hugged well the body, so it was pretty well related to the idea of 6 selling comfort to people. In order to communicate all these features and create brand awareness, most commercials had a very long audio which exposed the main benefits of the new technology. Moreover, advertising was made apply provocative images as to attract peoples attention and make them know the brand and the product. The year after, in 2000, something changed. The fact that they had ran out of stock, made the company feel that not as much communication efforts were needed, so they decided not to allocate as many resources as they did while the b rands launch and to shorten the length of the audio in commercials. So, in general terms, communication changed in the sense that less was spent on it and adverts got short, but the slogan was kept the same as the company wanted to keep on communicating what were the products benefits and to generate brand awareness.The reason why the company was communicating such things was mainly to educate customers about the new technology and its benefits, in order to make them first try the product and then lacking(p) to change from the traditional underwear to the seamless and hugging one. They decided to communicate it in an innovative differentiated way, with the half-naked models in ads, to attract peoples minds in order to recognize the product and create brand awareness. This kind of advertising was done due to the fact that they were targeting the young people segment and had to find a non-traditional way to advert non-traditional underwear. On the pictures below we can see the kind o f provocative advertising that the company was doing, as well as the slogans Are you wearing it or not? Youll feel as if youre wearing nothing

A Critique of the Research Article Essay

A Critique of the Research Article Methad iodine/Buprenorphine and Better agnate/ Perinatal Outcomes A Meta-analysis Abstract The purpose of this research hold is to discuss lower risk drugs such as Methadone and Buprenorphine given to Heroin given over large(predicate) patients to create better neonatal and maternal outcomes. This research articles discusses the gold standard of interference for better neonatal and maternal outcomes. Keywords heroin, neonatal, maternal, outcomes, methadon, buprenorphine, gold standard treatmentA Critique of the Research Article Methadone/Buprenorphine and Better Maternal/ Perinatal Outcomes A Meta-analysis Methadone is a synthetic opioid. It is used medically as an analgesic and a maintenance anti-addictive and reductive preparation for use by patients with opioid dependency. It was developed in Germany in 1937. Methadone was introduced into the United States in 1947 by Eli Lilly and Company. The question effects of methadone maintenance are to relieve narcotic craving, suppress the abstinence syndrome, and block the euphoric effects associated with opiates.When used correctly, Methadone maintenance has been put up to be medically safe and non-sedating. It is also indicated for pregnant women addicted to opiates. (doihttp//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/methadone) The theoretical study was not discussed in the articles but Roys Model identifies the elements considered essential to alteration and describes how the elements interact to produce adaptation and thus health. Methadone helps the pregnant opioid dependent individual adapt to a lower risk drug and produces an overall healthy maternal and prenatal outcome.Middle Range Theory is little abstract and narrowed in the scope than conceptual models. These types of theories focus on answering occurrence practice questions and often specify such factors patients health conditions, family situations and nursing actions. While researching this topic there were areas that were discussed, about patients being afraid to essay Methadone treatment and prenatal care because they were ashamed of how health care professionals would view them.It was also stated that patients in better overall health and less family related stress situations would more than likely be the ones to receive proper prenatal care and seek Methadone treatment. Opioid dependent pregnant patients and their fetus take aim more physical, mental and psychological issues. (Kaltenbach, Berghella, & Finnegan, 1998). Opioid dependent pregnant patients are at an increased risk for preterm delivery and low birth weight. (Fajemiroku-Odudeyi et al. , 2005). To lower the health risks, pregnant women who are opiate dependent have been treated with methadone maintenance, the standard of care for several decades.(Jones et al. , 2005). Another treatment option became available when the U. S. Food and Drug establishment approved the use of buprenorphine maintenance therapy in 2002, which is another subs titute for methadone. The research article Opioid Dependency in Pregnancy and Length of Stay for Neonatal abstemiousness Syndrome examines 152 opioid-dependent pregnant women on methadone maintenance therapy (n=136 the participants that are using methadone) or buprenorphine maintenance therapy (n=16 the participants that are using buprenorphine) during pregnancy and their neonates.The neonates were born between January 1, 2005 and celestial latitude 2007. The use of methadone in opioid dependent pregnant women lowers maternal morbidity and mortality rates and promotes fetal stability and growth compared to the use of heroin (Ludlow, Evans, & Hulse, 2004). incessant methadone treatment during pregnancy is associated with improved earlier antenatal care (Burns, Mattick, Lim & Wallace, 2007), compliance with prenatal care and better preparation for infant care and parenting responsibilities (Dawe, Harnett, Rendalls, & Staiger, 2003). stabilization on methadone avoids the dangers of r epeated intoxication and withdrawal cycles. Methadone has to be picked up by the patient at the treatment facilities. Attendance at these facilities digest pregnant patients opportunities to receive essential antenatal care and advice for a healthy pregnancy, which some of the patients otherwise may not receive. While conducting this research it was not all the way evident what was being researched until the conclusion of the results was determined. Based on the number of participants depended on the outcome of the better treatment.Therefore the results are not as accurate as could be if there were a larger amount of participants. There were no violations of patient rights with the methods used. The research article Methadone in pregnancy treatment holding and neonatal outcomes examines three different groups of women a group who entered endless treatment at least one year prior to birth, a group who entered continuous treatment in the 6 months prior to birth, and a group whose last treatment program prior to birth ended at least one year prior to birth.Births that occurred after 1994 were selected for this analysis. Overall, 2 993 women were on the methadone program at delivery. The number of births rose steadily from 62 in 1992 to 459 in 2002. A particular strength of the large sample size was the ability to examine the effect of treatment retention on key neonatal outcomes. Among mothers on methadone at delivery, early commencement on methadone was associated with increased antenatal care and reduced prematurity.This is consistent with previous research that has shown that methadone in connecter with adequate prenatal care promotes fetal stability and growth. Ethics approval for the project was granted by the NSW Department of Health Ethics Committee. All entropy was provided to the researchers only once full identification of records had taken place with password protected computers and firewall protection. This method was used to protect patients r ights. Based on a large sample size, researchers were able to examine the effects of treatment retention on key neonatal outcomes.Although researchers had a large sample size based on certain ethical restrictions, limited the amount of training given to researchers, which waived the outcomes of individuals results not being totally accurate. The research article Methadone and perinatal outcomes a prospective cohort study examines A total of 117 pregnant women on methadone maintenance treatment recruited between July 2009 and July 2010. Measurements information on concomitant drug use was recorded with the Addiction Severity Index. Perinatal outcomes included pre-term birth (

Sme Entry Mode Choice and Performance

Introduction International entry mood choice is considered a critical strategic decision. In an attempt to understand this choice, scholars have primarily focused on transaction represent theory Previous literature have failed to examine how the transactional cost deterrent example applies to smaller entrepreneurial firms. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are not smaller versions of larger companies, but mainly due to their size they tend to interact differently with their environment.The Authors could find no studies of SME entry order choice that have examined the three main causes of transaction costs asset specificity, behavioral uncertainties, and environmental uncertainties. By examining the entry rule behavior of SMEs, they can determine whether they follow similar patterns as their larger counterparts and whether the strategic decision processes that influence success for larger companies have validity in smaller firms.In this article they hope to make two imp ortant contributions to the SME international literature. First, by examining the applicability of transaction cost theory to SME inter- national entry mode choice, we hope to extend the generalizability of transaction cost theory for entry mode choice to this large and growing sector of the global economy achievemental costs and mode choices Transaction cost (TC) theory has been widely used in entry mode research to explain why large companies utilize different modes in expanding abroad.The existing literature suggests that companies adopt a certain organizational structuremarkets (non-equity modes) versus hierarchies (equity modes)when expanding abroad based on how efficient one structure is compared with the alternative structure. Transaction cost theory suggests that asset specificity, behavioral uncertainties, and environmental uncertainties create two main costs market transaction costs and control costs asset specificity Asset specificity refers to the physical and human re sources, which may lose value in another use, that a company employs to complete a specific task.A firm that possesses strange technology and know-how has to take extra precautions (and incur additional costs) in order to protect its differentiated assets from falling into the hands of competitors. When asset specificity is low, firms will incur hardly a(prenominal) costs in protecting their know-how from competitors. Low asset-specific investments involve the use of generally available familiarity hence, firms are not concerned about protecting this knowledge from competitors, since competitors already have access to the knowledge.When asset specificity is low, firms tend to use market-based non-equity modes of entry. When asset specificity is high, firms are more concerned with protecting proprietary knowledge or technology from competitors. Hypothesis1 SMEs will tend to prefer non-equity modes of entry when assets specificity is low, but tend to prefer equity modes of entry w hen asset specificity is high. Behaviour uncertanty Transaction cost theory suggests firms position two types of uncertainty behavioral and environmental.Behavioral uncertainties arise from the inability of a company to predict the behavior of individuals in a foreign country. According to transaction cost theory, behavioral uncertainty may lead to opportunistic behavior involving cheating, distortion of information, shirking of responsibility, and other forms of dishonest behavior. Internationalization theory suggests that firms develop skills at positive international operations through experience.Through learning, firms develop expertise in managing foreign operations (either independent operations like license agreements or more involved operations like wholly owned subsidiaries). Firms lacking international control-related experience tend to prefer non-equity modes of entry, as a means of controlling the behavior-related uncertainties of foreign expansion. high school behav ioral uncertainties may discourage SMEs from organizing foreign operations in a hierarchical form Hypothesis 2 SMEs

Online Ordering System Essay

Nowadays, Information Technology is continuously evolving and its getting to a greater extent advanced. Technological evolution and advancement makes the world become more highly modernized as different creations, innovations and inventions are made. Adapting these technological advances, contributes a lot of benefits in different fields and one of those fields is the business especially the hospitals. Hospital is an institution which provides care to people who has illnesses. It plays a vital role in the community where people run to it whenever they have health problems. Hospitals promote approach of community health service by providing high quality health care services and help those people who need good and effective service. incompatible hospitals in the world aims at giving the best medical services that they need to satisfy their clientele and through the use of technology they are equal to make it possible. In Tanzania, the Health Management Information System was set up i n 2006 to be use in hospitals of the Evangelica Lutheran Church Tanzania (ELCT). By using the Health Management Information System software, hospitals can easily collect, store and analyze the data of patients. (IICD. (2010, June 29).Development of Management System for Health rapidity Tanzania. Retrieved February 8, 2011, from http//www.iicd.org/projects/tanzania-health-management-system) In Cotabato, the provincial health officer Dr. Edgardo R. Sandig introduced a computerized Hospital Operation Management Information System, to monitor the outbreak of disease in a veritable area in the province and those people who are admitted in the hospital will be given immediate attention and solution. (dela Cruz, E, B. ( 2006, October 6). South Cotabato IPHO intensifies campaign on dengue.Philippine Information Agency.LOCAL STUDYOnline Ordering SystemAbstract/Complied AbstractsThe influx of an online secernateing system greatly affected what tends to be done in a matter of the blink of an eye. An online coifing system permits a customer to submit online poses for items and/or services from a store that serves both walk-in customers and online customers. The online obtain system presents an online display of an order cutoff time and an associated delivery window for items selected by the customer. The system accepts the customers submission of a purchase order for the item. This section deals with the summary of the thesis. This thesis is about Online Ordering for Blue Magic its include the item name, price and design. In this thesis also include how to order it.2012, 12). Local Related Literature Online Ordering System.LOCAL STUDYOrdering Online SystemTechnology is the reservation, usage and knowledge of tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or serve some purpose. Nowadays, people introduce new technologies that facilitate them in every aspect in life, making life easier. Compared to technologies we had befor e, it is really convenient to utilize new ones for they have endless features. Like the way of teaching before and nowadays, teachers use manila papers, cartolina, etc. The level use chalks or board markers for teachings but when the experts discovered that both of the said tools for teaching are hazardous because of the chemical content, the experts warned people to find alternative shipway of teaching. Since we are in the age of new technologies, they found the best way of teaching by accompanying computers in education.

Medical Ethics Abortion Essay

Most moral issues in medicine and wellnesscare pass on instigate lively debate, tho no subject seems to inflame tempers much than the call into question of miscarriage. The gulf between pro- animation and pro-choice sens be an stout stance of deeply held beliefs and principles. On the one hand, there is the claim that the foetus is a human being with the same proper(a) to animateness as either other human being, and abortion is therefore nothing less than murder. On the other hand, it is argued that a woman has a right to choose what happens in spite of appearance her birth body, and is therefore justified in deciding to harbour her foetus removed if she so wishes.Even a liberal view is problematic these tend to coach the view that it is permissible for an abortion to take place before a certain stage in the foetuses maturement, but not beyond that given point. such an arbitrary perspective does seem difficult to quantify how git anyone determine the criteria that wou ld navigate a decision that finds termination accept adequate today but morally reprehensible tomorrow?It is sometimes argued that the foetus reaches personhood well before birth. By the tenth week, for example, it already has a face, arms and legs, fingers and toes it has internal organs, and brain activity is detectable.1 tho does this undermine a womans right to self determinationcan it still be rational for her to choose abortion, given its train of increment? We shall explore this question not from the perspective of whether the foetus is human, but from the premise that the womans rights everywhere her body are more than important than the tone of the person or part person in her womb.2A charwomans regenerate to Self-DefenceJudith Jarvis Thomson presents the following hypothesis3 a woman becomes enceinte and then learns that she has a cardiac condition that will cause her death if the pay backhood continues. Let us grant the foetus personhood, with a right to ani mation. patently the mother too has a right to life, so how can we decide whos right to life is greater? A way of answering this question could be to say that an abortion is an act of aggression with the sole intention to kill. Whereas to do nothing would not be an attempt by anyone to murder the mother, instead to just let her die.The passivity of the latter could be seen as morally preferable than directly killing an innocent person. Thomson argues that It cannot seriously be said thatshe mustiness sit passively by and wait for her death.4 There are two people involved, both are innocent, but one is endangering the life of the other. Thomson believes that in this scenario a woman is entitled to defend herself against the threat posed by the unborn baby, even if ultimately this will cause its death.I intuitive feeling Thomson is correct in her appraisal. If an impartial judgement was sought by an individual as to whose life has greater worth the foetus or the woman, they might not feel able to chooseboth lives could be seen to hold equal value. But there is nothing objective about the womans situationher life is endangered. If a person threatens my lifeeven if they are not conscious of their actionsI have a right to kill them, if that is the only course of action I can take to repel the attack.The scenario becomes less clear when we consider if a woman holds the same right to defend herself if the continuation of her maternalism causes her serious health problems that are not terminal. Again, I would assess the situation in terms of an attack. Do I have a right to kill an assailant if he attempts to wound me? The answer, I think, is dependent upon degreethe injury that would be inflicted. It seems reasonable that the degree of retaliation should be proportional to the severity of the attack. Similarly, a woman has the right to terminate her pregnancy if its continuation instigates a degree of illness that is severe enough to warrant that decision.The pro blem then is quantifying such comparatives. It might seem reasonable to nominate the woman involved as the person best qualified to patch up that decision, but shouldnt such judgments emanate from an objective source? after(prenominal) all, should I be able to take the law into my receive hands and choose whatever reprisal I apprehension necessary against my attacker?A Womans Right to OwnershipA woman holds ownership of her own body therefore she may abort her foetus if that is what she chooses it is in a truly real sense her ownto dispose of as she wishes.5 Professor Thomson analogises it is not that the woman and foetus are like two tenants occupying a small fireside that has been misinterpretedly rented to both of themthe mother owns the house.6 But not all claims of ownership hold an automatic right to dispose of their property. throne Harris gives an example7 suppose I own a life-saving drug, and have nothing planned for its use other than placing it on my shelf. If I me et a person who was dependent on that drug otherwise they will die, I would not be morally entitled to withhold the drugit would be wrong of me to exercise that right.What Harris is expressing is that a woman may have the right to do what she wishes to her own body, but it would be wrong of her to exercise that right. The question then is does the value of ownership of your body take precedence over the value of the foetus? Property is sometimes commandeered during war, and this action is usually justified because national security is thought to take priority over an individuals right to ownership.8 Another compelling, and I think decisive, tune comes from Mary Anne Warren. She states that ownership does not give me a right to kill an innocent person on my property, furthermore, it is also immoral to banish a person from my property if by doing so they will undoubtedly perish.9If one does not accept that a foetus is a human being, then the woman may have it removed from her body, similarly to having a kidney stone taken out. But if the foetus is believed to be a person, then I do not think any argument of ownership can hold up against the soundness of the given examples.A Foetuses Right to its Mothers BodyCan a womans right to choose abortion take priority over the foetuses right to life? Professor Thomson argues that a right to life does not guaranteehaving either a right to be given the use of or a right to be allowed continue use of another persons bodyeven if one needs it for life.10 Thomson goes on to give an example11, that if she was terminally ill, and the only thing that would save her life was the touch of Henry Fondas cool hand on her fevered brow, she would have no right to expect him to travel to her side and assist her in this way. No doubt, Thomson adds that it would be frightfully nice of him, but she holds no right against him that he should do so.An obvious criticism is to argue that a woman has a special responsibility to her foetus, simpl y because she is its mothera responsibility that Henry Fonda does not owe, so the analogy, is rendered useless. But Thomson postulates that we do not have any such special responsibility for a person unless we have assumed it, explicitly or implicitly.12 Thomson therefore argues that if a pregnancy is unwanted, and the woman holds no emotional stick with to the foetus, there is no attachment and so no responsibility. A possible dispute to Thomsons idea is to suggest that the special responsibility is bonded through genes kinda then emotion. If a peasant is born and the mother abandons it, her culpability is held through their mother and baby relationship rather then what the mother thinks of her baby.Another argument that can give claim by the foetus to its mothers body is one of contract.13 It could be said that by voluntarily engaging in sexual intercourse a womaneven if using contraceptionrisks the chance of pregnancy. By understanding the possible consequences of her actions, she must be seen as responsible for the existence of the foetus, because no method of contraception is known to be infallible. Since the woman is accountable for bringing the foetus into the world (albeit in her womb) she assumes an obligation to continue to offer up nourishment for its survival.Michael Tooley offers an example that he believes analogises this argument14 there is a pleasurable act that I practice. But by engaging in it, it can have the pitiable risk of destroying someones food supply. This will not cause the person any problem, as long as I continue to make such provisions, even though it causes me immense trouble and expense. Tooley says that he arranges things so that the probability of the pleasurable act having such an effect is as small as possible (contraception). But he says that if things do go wrong, he is still responsible for the person needing food, and therefore obligated to supplying the food needed. Tooley believes that once we interest in an act ivity that can potentially create a child, then we assume responsibility for its needs, even if bringing that child into existence was accidental and precautions were taken to prevent that outcome.Professor Thomson offers her own powerful analogy in contrast to the above viewIf the room is stuffy, and I therefore open a windowpane to air it, and a burglar climbs in, it would be absurd to say, Ah, now he can stay, shes given him a right to the use of her housefor she is partly responsible for his presence there, having voluntarily done what enabled him to get in, in full knowledge that there are such things as burglars, and that burglars burgle. It would be still more absurd to say this if I had had bars installed outside my windows, precisely to prevent burglars from getting in, and a burglar got in only because of a defect in the bars.15 spontaneous abortion, Due to RapeAs already stated, most views against abortion base their position from the value they place on the foetuses lif e. Even so, in the part where pregnancy had occurred through rape, most opponents of abortion would believe that there would be sufficient defense for termination. Obviously, there is something paradoxical about thisif the foetus is valuable because it is human, it is obviously no less human because its mother had been raped. So how can some opponents of abortion hold such contradictory ideas?Janet Radcliffe Richards explains that when a woman is forced to continue pregnancy until childbirth, the child is being used as an instrument of punishment to the mother, and that talk of the sanctity of life is being used to disguise the fact.16 The only thing that a woman that wants to abort for reasons of accidental pregnancy has done differently, is to of engaged willingly to sexand that is what she is being punished for.17Richards offers an interesting approach to the apparent inconsistency stated, although I dont find its supposition altogether convincing. I think the double-standards described, portray an individual that holds only a relative opinion to the value of life that is held by the foetus. That is, the foetus is human, with rights, but not as human and not as much rights as an adult human being. And this is how I feel critics of abortion consider priority to women in rape cases.A Fathers RightTo what degree, if any, does the fathers opinion count on whether his unborn child should die at the hands of the mother? After all, the foetus is very much a part of himsharing his genetic make-up. It is noted by John Harris18 that a man is not entitled to ill-use a woman for the purpose of impregnating herthat is rapeso then it follows that he must not violate her by forcing his wishes for a pregnancy to continue until birth. The counter argument is that by agreeing to sex, a woman has tacitly agreed to carry the mans child. in the long run the womans opinion must take priority over the mansbecause she has to carry the foetus, but, once a foetus is formed, one c an have a degree of sympathy for the mans situation. If copulation had taken place for the purpose of impregnation, then why should the man suffer a feeling of handout just because his partner changes her mind? Where contraception is used, his argument may be weakenedthey did not intend parenthood. But if both were supplying for a baby, is it fare that once that child exists, the mother can take it away from its father, even though he has done no wrong?A Right to DeathIf a pregnancy is terminated during its early stages, the foetus will undoubtedly die. But if an abortion takes place later in pregnancy, and by some miracle survives, the mother has no right to secure the death of the unborn child.19 If the baby was still unwanted, the woman may be utterly devastated by the thought of a child, a bit of herself, put out for adoption and never seen or heard of again20 but she can only demand her insularity from it she may not order its execution.I guess there would be few opponents t o this assertion but it is interesting to understand why. If a person accepts the permissibility of abortion, how is it so different to kill a child that survives its attempted termination? Presumably the foetus has acquired rights that it didnt hold inside the womb, or perhaps the woman loses her rights during that transition. It seems curious that location should alter the foetuses perspective so drasticallyafter all, it is the same being. It could be argued that it is independence that qualifies the foetus for its right to live. When it no longer needs its mother for survival, and is not reliant upon her in any way, she loses the right to decide its fate.Professor Thomsons explanation is somewhat different she too agrees that there is no justification for a woman to order the death of a foetus that lives following an abortion, but her reasoning is not dependent upon any acquisition or loss of rights. Thomson argues that a termination is just the right for a woman to detach the f oetus from her body. This is not an act of murder (even though its death is inevitable during its infancy) but an entitlement to liberation, whatever its outcome.21Professor Thomson presents an account that would be reasonable if the act of abortion was purely an attempt of separation. But in fact the procedure used is an attempt, not only to detach and remove the foetus, but to kill it.22 If the abortionist fails in this task, then Thomson allows the baby a right to live. But as the method of termination is designed for the foetus to die, I believe it renders Thomsons point unsound.ConclusionProfessor Thomson concedes that It would be indecent in the woman to request an abortion, and indecent in a doctor to perform it, if she is in her seventh month, and wants the abortion just to avoid the nuisance of postponing a trip abroad.23 So, even staunch defendants of feminist ethics feel compelled to consider the foetuses interests once its development reaches a mature stage. It could be argued that the foetus has become a baby, and abortion is therefore tantamount to infanticide.I believe that anyone can exercise their right to self-defence if their life is threatened, and a woman can use her prerogative against the unborn baby at any stage of its development without recrimination. However, I feel that a womans right to expel her foetus for any other reason has only relative justification. Relative because a womans rights to abort become less valid as the foetus develops.There is, in my opinion, a necessary correlation between foetal development and a womans right to termination. A woman may exercise her choice without compromise during early pregnancy, because the foetus is nothing more then potential, but justification becomes less palatable as potential becomes actualised. Can a woman really hold the same rights to choose what happens within her own body when the foetus is twenty five weeks old, as she did when it was ten weeks old?As previously mentioned, arbi trarily choosing a point in the foetuses life and exclaiming before this point the thing is not a person, after this point it is a person, does appear contrived. But its comparison with before this point a woman can choose, after this point she cant does seem vindicated against less satisfactory views. The purpose of this essay was to assess a case for abortion that was not dependent on the foetuses right to life, but instead to appreciate a womans right to choose. I dont believe that either position can be considered without respecting the rights of the other. Therefore, in my opinion a woman holds considerable rights but they are only relative to the foetuses level of development.BIBLIOGRAPHYDwyer, Susan, The Problem of Abortion. London WadsworthPublishing Company, 1997Glover, Jonathan, Causing Death and Saving Lives. London Penguin Books, 1997Harris, John, The Value of Life. London Routledge, 1985Info on Abortion Abortion, Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopaedia, http//en.wikipedia.org /wiki/AbortionOther_means_of_ abortionRichards, Janet, The Sceptical Feminist. Harmondsworth Pelican, 1982Sherwin, Susan, No Longer Patient. Philadelphia Temple University Press, 1992Thomson, Judith, A Defence of Abortion, Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1971 pp. 47-66Tooley, Michael, Abortion and Infanticide. London Oxford University Press, 1983Warren, Marry Anne, On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion, The Monist, 1973

3 Is the Answer

A Christmas Memory Multiple Choice Identify the choice that ruff completes the statement or answers the question. Comprebiddysion The questions below refer to the selection A Christmas Memory. ____1. chum salmon and his takeoff rocket keep their money a. at Mr. Haha Joness housec. interred in the pecan orchard b. in the local banks Christmas clubd. under a floorboard beneath the bed ____2. pal and his fri stopping point give fruitcakes to everyone except a. the relatives they live withc. people who visit them only once b. a bus driverd. president Roosevelt ____3.Which of the following statements best describes Buddys friend? a. Fashion is her passion. c. Big cities fascinate her. b. She has strong feelings about God. d. She spends a lot of time at the movies. ____4. Buddy compares his friend to a bantam hen because she is a. always poking her beak into thingsc. small and sprightly b. not very intelligentd. as flighty as a bird ____5. When it comes to his other relatives, Buddy a. barely acknowledges their existence b. feels very close to them c. is jealous of the attention they pay to his cousin d. feels that they offer him a lot of support ____6. Which adjective best applies to Buddys friend? a. unstablec. elegant b. generousd. cruel ____7. Which of the following items is not an activity that binds the two friends together? a. Flying kitesc. Making decorations b. Travelingd. imbibing whiskey ____8. Toward the end of the story, Buddy is separated from his friend. Why? a. He runs away from home. b. His friend is sent to the hospital to suffer her last illness. c. A letter from President Roosevelt invites Buddys friend to the White House. d. Buddy is sent to military school by his relatives. ____9. Which sentence tells you that Buddys friend has died? a. A good morning arrives . . . when she cannot rouse herself to exclaim Oh my, its fruitcake weather b. The other Buddy died in the 1880s, when she was still a child. c. I wrapped her in a han dsome Linen sheet and rode her in the buggy down to Simpsons pasture where she can be with all her Bones. d. Ill wager at the very end a body realizes the Lord has already shown Himself. ____10. Which image from the story appeals to the sense of smell? a. sweet, oily, ivory meat mounts in the milk-glass bowl. b. A straw cartwheel corsaged with velvet roses out-of-doors has faded. . . . c. a hateful heap of bitter-odored pennies. d. words tumbling together into a wrathful tune. . . . Literary Focus The questions below refer to the selection A Christmas Memory. ____11. Which custom is a major separate of the find outting and mood of A Christmas Memory? a. Kissing under the mistletoec. Making and giving gifts b. Listening for Santa Clauss sleighd. Inviting friends to a Christmas party ____12. What is the difference between tone and mood? . They are synonyms there is no real difference. b. Tone expresses how an origin feels mood is how an author makes the reader feel. c. Tone appeals to the sense of hearing mood appeals to the sense of sight. d. Mood can be created through setting, but tone cannot. ____13. How are flapjacks and hominy grits part of the setting of A Christmas Memory? a. They show the traits and attitudes of the two main characters. b. The fact that they are described makes them part of the setting. c. They help show the customs of characters in a certain time and place. d. The images of these foods are so detailed, a reader can almost taste them. ____14. All of the following places are part of the setting of A Christmas Memory except a(n) a. forestc. attic b. riverside cafed. church Completion Complete each statement. Vocabulary Development On the line provided, print the word that best completes each sentence. inauguratingdilapidatedparaphernaliasacrilegiouscarnage prosaicdispositionexhilaratessuffusenoncommittal 15. The smells of baking and the freshly cut trees ____________________ the senescent kitchen. 16.Buddys friend has a s trong faith and never says anything ____________________. 17. Buddys friend might be considered ____________________ by some people, but he thinks she is the most special person on earth. 18. The ____________________ baby buggy serves them well. 19. Killing flies to earn money results in a ____________________ of bugs. Short Answer Constructed reception 20. Choose a favorite passage from A Christmas Memory. On a separate sheet of paper, identify its setting, and state what you think the mood of the passage is. Referring to particular proposition images, explain how the setting helps create that mood.A Christmas Memory Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. autonomic nervous systemDPTS1OBJ9. 1. 1 (plot) 2. autonomic nervous systemAPTS1OBJ9. 1. 1 (plot) 3. ANSBPTS1OBJ9. 1. 4. 1 (characterization) 4. ANSCPTS1OBJ9. 1. 7. 7 (figurative language) 5. ANSAPTS1OBJ9. 1. 4. 2 (character interactions) 6. ANSBPTS1OBJ9. 1. 4. 1 (characterization) 7. ANSBPTS1OBJ9. 1. 4. 2 (character interactions) 8. ANSDPTS1OBJ9. 1. 1 (plot) 9. ANSAPTS1OBJ9. 2. 1. 11 (making inferences) 10. ANSCPTS1OBJ9. 1. 7. 8 (imagery) 11. ANSCPTS1OBJ9. 1. 3 (setting and mood/atmosphere) 12. ANSBPTS1OBJ9. 1. 3 (setting and mood/atmosphere) 9. . 7. 19 (tone) 13. ANSCPTS1OBJ9. 1. 3 (setting and mood/atmosphere) 14. ANSDPTS1OBJ9. 1. 3 (setting and mood/atmosphere) COMPLETION 15. ANSsuffuse PTS1OBJ9. 3. 3 (context clues) 16. ANSsacrilegious PTS1OBJ9. 3. 3 (context clues) 17. ANSprosaic PTS1OBJ9. 3. 3 (context clues) 18. ANSdilapidated PTS1OBJ9. 3. 3 (context clues) 19. ANScarnage PTS1OBJ9. 3. 3 (context clues) SHORT ANSWER 20. ANS Students responses will vary. A sample response follows A favorite passage of mine is the one in which Buddy and his friend shell pecans for their fruitcakes.Its set in the kitchen on a November morning after the characters have gathered the nuts in the woods. To me the mood is one of finding joy in the middle of a cold, lonely place. Other people dont seem to be around, but the kitc hen is warmed by the fire and filled with the characters joy and friendship. theres a contrast between light and dark in this paragraphthe rising moon and the fire on one hand, the growing iniquity of the night on the otherthat seems to me to show the delicate balance between happiness and loneliness in the characters.The image of the characters reflections in a dark mirror, alter with the rising moon, sum that up for me. In that dark mirror theres a hint of another moodthe bittersweet mood of the liberal Buddy looking nostalgically back at his childhood and a few precious moments, fully aware that as the events of the story seeded the sizable emotional life that sustained him as a boy, so those same moments, the empty shells of his memories, now feed the transforming fire that makes him a writer. PTS1OBJ9. 1. 3 (setting and mood/atmosphere) 9. 1. 7. 8 (imagery)

The Global South Water Crisis Analysis Environmental Sciences Essay

Water is humankind s most basic necessity. Ap masterximately whiz in eight people ar without entree to clean, safe imbibing water system ( JMP 200856 ) . The body of water crisis of the mercurial South Buenos Aires, Jakarta and Cebu in peculiar is a complex, locally defined and combative issue debates closely whether water is a public human right or a in offstage owned consumer craftiness good are taking precedence in nurture discourse on the international manikin. Built-in to this issue is a historic power human relationship between the West Europe, Canada and the US and these aforementioned mobile South stirs in which the former has tended to profit at the latter s disbursal. Yet the inquiry of toilet table still remains who has non unless the power, but the pass oningness to ordain renewing?Many Canadians extradite a minimum consciousness of the perpetuating piss crisis, yet it is a popular misconception that a solution lies non in the custodies of singl e agents, but national leaders. Until late, I held similar beliefs. While analyzing the quality of assorted H2O beginnings with a local concern, I realized that much of our society is to the full reliant on bottled H2O and that, most signifi masstly, the sum of money fagged on the added convenience could be use to assist extenuate the annihilating effects of this H2O deficit. First, this paper examines the current conditions of the crisis by detecting Nigeria, India and China. To be clear, H2O crisis refers to a deficiency of handiness, an inadequate or non-existent public bestow web, and taint, all lending to a deficit of safe imbibing H2O. Furthermore, after analysing the ignored potency for Western multinational corporations ( TNCs ) to relieve the state of affairs in Buenos Aires, Jakarta and Cebu, and so researching the extent of H2O ingestion in the West, it becomes apparent that thither is an chance for Canadians to lend to a solution.Before foregrounding this single bur eau, it is necessary to get down by depicting some of the current conditions inherent to the H2O crisis. Although conditions vary and from each one instance in itself cornerstone non provision a entire representation, the illustration of Lagos, Nigeria demonstrates compound and political hindrances Imphal, India reveals the troubles of supply and intervention and China provides penetration into the effects of pollution.First, the metropolis of Lagos although the enlargedst in sub-Saharan Africa is plagued by a low quality of life and an unequal supply of H2O services despite economic growing ( Gandy 2006371-72 ) . Sections of the deteriorating substructure, such as the absence of a working public sewage web, are chief subscribers to this issue of H2O handiness ( ibid372 ) . Although non the lone cause, it can be traced in portion to a colonial history. As a prevailing trade Centre in West Africa, European presence left a permanent impact vis-a-vis a contrast in life criterio ns between colonial elites and the African bulk in Lagos who were non even considered portion of the populace ( ibid375, 377 ) . British decision makers neglected the malignant urban conditions by concentrating on bettering affluent countries alternatively, proposing that these issues resulted from public upset instead than a deficiency of accountable policy enterprises ( ibid375-76 ) . Such inequality was heightened in 1949 when colonial leaders responded to increased H2O deficits with limitations on the African population, forestalling them from rinsing and other everyday activities ( ibid377 ) . Finally, merely 10 per centum of homes were left with direct entree to the municipal H2O system ( ibid378 ) .Most devastating of all were the power structures set in topographic point by colonial swayers, which oer clip switch come to bring forth the bequest of a weak African province ( Gandy 2006372 ) . With a high degree of national debt, local capacity to smorgasbord by reversal th e paralyzing effects of the H2O deficit are limited ( Biswas 2005234 ) . Despite being the top industrial Centre of Nigeria after independency, the crisis was so distributive that it forced local industries to pass 20 per centum of their capital on buying their ain H2O ( Gandy 2006381 ) . A current bastard and independent authorities futile to react to the demand for spend, coupled with disabling economic and cultural hindrances inherited from a dark colonial yesteryear, has been one of umteen subscribers supplying the evidences for the H2O crisis to go a powerful force. The fact that reconstituting this post-colonial system in locations like Lagos has non succeeded, unluckily, is partially due to an academic discourse which lacks critical penetration into the reputation of current conditions in Africa and beyond ( ibid372 ) .Second, the state of affairs in Imphal, India provides an first-class presentation of jobs associated with H2O supply and intervention. Although moderate -sized metropoliss like Imphal are frequently ignored in current books on the crisis, the atrociousnesss are merely as important ( Anthony 2007224 ) . Harmonizing to the gentlemans gentleman Bank, scarce supplies and unjust monetary values gravel remained unchanged over the past triad decennaries ( ibid ) . Of the legion substructure jobs confronting developing states, a deficiency of safe imbibing H2O is the hardest to decide ( ibid223 ) . In a study conducted in Imphal, 50 per centum of families spent more than a fifth of their income on H2O ( ibid229 ) . As supported by the aforesaid instance of Lagos, elites frequently have personal inducement in keep backing such a necessity ( ibid224 ) . To supply a little cross-section of the fortunes, the beginnings, quality and handiness of H2O in Imphal will be considered.Refering the assorted beginnings of H2O that locals rely on where the public web is deficient, those with private connexions merely have entree for no more than thr ee hours each cardinal hours with unequal commissariats for storage, and those trusting on private or neighbourhood pools face dry seasons that greatly affect their supply ( Anthony 2007228 ) . Water intervention workss lack the equipment to effectively supervise the quality of H2O, and since storage armored combat vehicles are non protected, taint is a major reverse ( ibid234 ) . Both pool and piped H2O beginnings although piped H2O is treated ab initio normally have to be filtered by families to guarantee imbibing quality ( ibid230 ) . The handiness of H2O, particularly refering the piped H2O system, is dependent on the location and income of families, although merely half of those designed to have entree do ( ibid ) .Third, to supply another illustration, China represents the dangers of pollution. Seventy per centum of river H2O in China is undrinkable as a consequence of taint from industrial waste, sewerage and agricultural chemicals ( Wu 200635 ) . The longest river in China, the Yangtze, is merely 28 per centum beverage, cutting through the most thickly settled countries and transporting waste H2O along with it ( ibid ) . At the present rate, harmonizing to Robin Clarke of innovation Climate News, an tremendous impact will be felt in the manikin of both nutrient deficits and a damaged universe ecology ( Coles 200514 ) . With astonishing effects, there is no denying the extent of the job nevertheless, the existent issue that need to be addressed is the demand for a solution investing.Now that some of the H2O crisis conditions have been identified, it is important to discourse the combative procedure of declaration. Although there are many prospective responses, including revamping dysfunctional political and economic constructions, one of the most common is that of investing. To do sense of the manner in which development organisations and Western histrions have participated, the influence of TNCs will be discussed, followed by specific sur veies from Buenos Aires, Jakarta and Cebu.First, one must understand the connexion between the discourse on H2O privatisation in the alleged development universe and the function of TNCs. In 1992, the Dublin Conference on Water and Environment provoked a monumental alteration in the definition of H2O, labelling it foremost and foremost an economic good, while keeping that it was a human right ( Robbins 20031076-77 ) . With many developing provinces being unable to supply the substructure necessary for providing equal H2O and disregarding its economic value, the international development community deemed their actions both a failure and the cause of the crisis, governing that the World Bank, every bit good as other development bureaus, would alternatively go responsible for pull offing H2O as a private trade good ( ibid1074, 1076 ) . Their primary agents, so, would be TNCs. Harmonizing to both the World Bank and former UN Commission on Trade and Development ( UNCTAD ) Secretary Gene ral Kenneth Dadzie, H2O must be supplied by agencies of denationalization, non the populace sector ( ibid1077 ) .To keep an indifferent prospect, there are two sides to this argument to see. Those recommending for the private direction of H2O resources repeat the neoclassical economic attack by reasoning that shooting foreign direct investing into these struggling economic systems will supply additions for both participants in their eyes, mobilising the private sector is the lone solution to guaranting that public demands are met ( Robbins 20031074-75 ) . In contrast, local communities criticize TNCs for non merely being profit-seeking, implementing services to the disadvantage of the hapless, but too for commanding denationalization as an oligopoly of a few corporations ( ibid1074, 1076 ) . The issue that H2O is a human right that should be without cost besides comes into inquiry ( Anthony 2007225 ) . Nevertheless, in utilizing Foucault s construct of power, it is incontestab le that TNCs use their planetary prominence to sell the apparently opposing thoughts of development and sustainability as one and the same ( Robbins 20031076 ) .Now that the phase has been set in supplying the background for this denationalization discourse, detecting a few instance surveies will be helpful in measuring the effectuality and influence of TNCs in the procedure of deciding the H2O crisis. With a important diminution in foreign assistance since the 1980s, TNCs are now considered the armory of development agents, foreign domestic investing being the quintessential ingredient for economic stimulation ( Fisher and Urich 20017-8 ) . Harmonizing to Anthony ( 2007224 ) , the denationalization of H2O takes two different manakins either a complete coup detat by private companies, or a private-public cooperation. The undermentioned instances will uncover both the pros and cons of these options.First, the illustration of Buenos Aires describes the work of Suez, a TNC among the f irst one 100 of the Fortune Global 500 ( Robbins 20031075 ) . After doing a contract with local private H2O conjunction Aguas Argentinas, Suez created a figure of policies refering the supply of H2O ( ibid1078 ) . Ignoring occupants busying ownerless land, the company expanded H2O connexions by bear downing clients six hundred dollars and metering their use, coercing the hapless to pay more and doing connexions unaffordable ( ibid ) . Although Suez promoted their concern as pro hapless by widening entree to four destitute countries antecedently unconnected, bettering the life conditions, their successful mean 19 per centum rate of return during the first louver old ages ended in 2002 with economic prostration ( ibid ) . Despite initial advancement being made, Suez counted the venture as a $ 200 million failure, last showing their profit-oriented mentality ( ibid ) .Second, Suez s work can besides be traced to a contract made with the Jakarta H2O service in 1997 ( Robbins 20 031079 ) . They conventional 31 per centum more H2O connexions than had existed antecedently in a metropolis with half of its population life in the slums, yet those who benefited the most from this enlargement were from really modest countries ( ibid ) . It is of import to observe that although some perceive policies that are advantageous to the wealthy as negative, one must follow a wide position by every bit sing how both the hapless and rich are affected. However, despite new connexions being established, it did non intend that more hapless dwellers original running H2O on the contrary, most of them still relied on street sellers, with 70 per centum still without entree ( ibid ) . Local reaction to the Suez intercession came in the signifier of environmental and student protests, kicking about increased monetary values and a 48 per centum H2O escape ( ibid ) . An applied scientist from the public system claimed that the company robbed everything they had, and critics of denationalization emphasized Suez s inefficiency every bit good as their deficiency of desire to convey betterment to the full system ( ibid ) .Third, in 1995 in Cebu, the Alliance another TNC proposed the Bohol-Cebu Water Supply Project aimed at both supplying H2O for under-supplied Cebu and well-needed gross for Bohol ( Fisher and Urich 20019-10 ) . Hazards were high of the major concerns were happening a significant H2O beginning to pull from, covering with deposit and human waste saturating the H2O tabular array, and shrieking within a seismically active regulate ( ibid10 ) . Despite these factors, the Alliance promoted the great investing while disregarding intervention criterions and puting the authorities responsible for temblor hazards ( ibid ) . Sing themselves as experts in arrangement the positive results, the company neglected the rights of stakeholders including involvement groups and the local populace to cognize how the undertaking would impact them, avoide d their input and failed to utilize linguistic communication that would be still by all, finally bring forthing a deep misgiving ( ibid11-12 ) . As a consequence, analysts declared that although TNCs have a immense function to play, economic involvements will ever endanger to acquire in the manner of environmental and societal demands ( ibid17 ) .Whether one considers accomplishments or focuses on local resistance to denationalization, it has by and large resulted in more failures than success ( Anthony 2007226 ) . The extent of the job was summarized in 2003 when Suez announced that they were retreating investing from poorer states and discontinuing to supply it in the hereafter due to high instability and a deficiency of short term returns ( Robbins 20031080 ) . Planing to recover the losingss accumulated as a consequence of these Third World failures, they declared a displacement in investing towards the soundest markets of the West including Europe and North America unl ess the IMF and World Bank could minimise hazards ( ibid ) . But it was non Suez entirely that adopted this stance most H2O companies held similar concerns about low rates of return in states of the Third World, being unable to trust on the hapless to supply gross ( ibid1080-81 ) . Although this is debatable for establishments like the World Bank who guarantee that the denationalization of H2O is the lone solution, TNCs are expressed about where their motivations lie no net income means no investing ( ibid1081 ) .European and North American TNCs have helped determine this procedure of relief, yet after neglecting to perpetrate to doing a permanent impact, the inquiry of where this investing will come from becomes pertinent. Although there are ever other options to see, one such solution Centres on the single bureau of Canadians. To analyse this, it is of import to first observe the extent of H2O ingestion in Canada and the West, followed by how persons can proactively react to th e H2O crisis.With UN Millennium Development Goals taking to cut the unavailability of H2O by 50 per centum by 2015, any benefits from TNC denationalization to whatever extent they provide them are non plenty to replace the demand for assistance ( Cain and Gleick 200579 Peter and Urich 200117 ) . For those keeping authoritiess responsible, states have contributed a meagre 0.4 per centum of their gross national income to development aid on norm ( Cain and Gleick 200580 ) . Harmonizing to Cain and Gleick ( ibid81 ) , consumers spend about $ 100 billion each twelvemonth on bottled H2O for gustatory sensation and convenience probably less than the cost needed to supply H2O services when tap H2O is 100s of times cheaper every bit good as normally safe for imbibing.Bringing these facts together, Canadian persons have the possible to take portion in planetary development, giving the convenience of the bottled trade good and lending the ensuing nest eggs to assist relieve the H2O cris is by run intoing the demand for assistance. round undertakings such as LifeStraw fund the usage of instant microbiological purifiers to supply efficient H2O intervention for contaminated beginnings ( Vestergaard Frandsen 2011 ) . Others, The Water Project in peculiar, construct Wellss that supply safe imbibing H2O ten dollars gives H2O to one individual for 10 old ages ( The Water Project 2010 ) . Either manner, chances exist to change over Western ingestion into significant solutions.The H2O crisis is clearly non simplistic, easy to understand, or discernible on a individual degree, but instead, it plays out in many ways, with conditions changing depending on states political, cultural and economic characteristics. What can be analyzed is the extent to which Western TNCs have attempted to relieve these atrociousnesss by concentrating on investing through H2O denationalization unluckily, although non universally, most have chosen economic net incomes in leu of supplying basic h uman demands. There is a hope, so, that Canadian persons can enlist themselves as agents of alteration, giving some of their ain stuff amenitiess. By lending these nest eggs as a signifier of assistance, Canadians can rethink the manner they take for granted the luxuries of running H2O. As in most instances in development surveies, the first measure is to understand the many-sided nature of a argument. One can recognize that there will ever be differing positions based on the facts, with no right reply or sinless solution. Of greater importance, nevertheless, is that when persons learn to follow this critical oculus, they can no longer claim that Western expertness and methodological analysis is superior. Furthermore, disclosure demands application conveyance consciousness to non merely a freshly discovered duty as agents to run into these cosmopolitan demands, but a duty as members of a planetary community.

Book Review of Drinking Essay

Carolean Knapp writes eloquently and h one(a)stly, yet often starkly, about her look as a functioning alcoholic. Ms. Knapp graduated Magna cum laude from Br accept University, was a contributing editor at New cleaning woman magazine as well as the Boston Phoenix. She wrote for many other magazines as well and was the precedent of Alice Ks Guide to Life. She was innate(p) into an upper-class family, one of devil twin girls, daughter of a psychoanalyst father and an artist mother. Yet despite only the gifts seemingly bestowed upon her, from her earliest memories Ms.Knapp felt up that she was various in some demeanor that she deficiencyed something to sustain her and help her travel through and through breeding her cross crutch became alcohol. Carolyns family, though a model of respectability and stability on the outside, had their own particular demons to craft with. Carolyns father was described as cold, remote, and inaccessible, an alcoholic involved in extramarital aff airs. (Handrup, 1998, p. 1). Her mother seemed to be preoccupied with breast cancer throughout much of Knapps childhood, and was seemingly unaware of the inner flavor of her children. (p. 1). Carolyn relates stories of her fathers previous marriage which produced three children, and the confusion that came along with the ex-wife and the younger son who was born with fetal alcohol syndrome and whose erratic behavior frightened Carolyn. The theory of nature causing alcoholism bewitching much goes out the window on this particular case as Carolyns twin child Becca never turned to alcohol or any other addictive behavior to cope with a life that virtually mirrored Carolyns own.The disability of any alcoholic seems to be an intense need for protection an inability to weather the storms of life alone, the absolute craving for a friend, a lover that pull up stakes carry them through the rough times. In fact, Ms. Knapp felt about alcohol the exact same way she imagined others felt about their lovers. It was something she craved, obsessed over, and thought about constantly. Ms. Knapps rough times in life soon translated into absolutely anything at all, good or bad.The sun was shining, or it wasnt, the cashier at the mart store was unfriendly, or perhaps too friendly, somebody died, a baby was born. Every nuance of life became too difficult to deal with, the emotions that accompanied normal day-to-day living were too much to march without a drinkor two, or three, or four. Ms. Knapp wryly notes that living without alcohol is handle existence forced to live alone without the armor. The armor, of course, is protection from all the things we might actually feel, if we allowed ourselves to feel at all (Knapp, 1996, p.113) Comfort became an absolute necessity, and Carolean remembers that from the time she was able to sit in her mothers circuit she would rock herself back and forth, and that this bizarre behavior continued for more than years than she cared to rememb er. Later I authentic a more elaborate system Id get on my knees and elbow and axial rotation up in a ball on the bed facedown like a turtle in its shell, and rock away, for hours sometimesI was deeply embarrassed that I did this, ashamed of it, really, but I needful it.I needed it and it worked. The truth? I did this until I was sixteen. The rocking was just like drinking. (Knapp, 1996, p. 62). So, from the comfort she derived from rockingfor hours sometimes Caroline graduated to a more sophisticated form of self-comfortalcohol. She never came to a satisfactory conclusion as to why that comfort was so essential to her. I still dont know, today, if that hunger originated indoors the family or if it was something I was simply born with. In the end I dont enounce it matters.You get your comfort where you can. (p. 61). While Knapp faced fewer serious medical issues as a head of her alcoholism, she nonetheless suffered through the physical challenges her addiction brought such as the soon-daily hangovers, headaches and nausea. She suffered blackouts on occasion, and another woman one day remarked about all the tiny broken blood vessels on her nosea unequivocal sign of the habitual drinker. Knapp combined two addictions for a period of time anorexia and alcoholism.She felt like the anorexia gave her reign over over her life, and the alcoholism made it possible for her to continue the anorexia. She notes during her anorexic phase that I simply couldnt stand the starving anymore, couldnt go on without some kind of release from the absolute cogency and vigilance and self-control, and Id go out and eat like crazy and drink like crazy. These episodes were usually preceded by some glimmer of insight into my own loneliness, some gnawing sense that my hunger was more than merely physical. (Knapp, 1996, p. 141).The psychological consequences of this intense need for protection in the form of alcohol were many Knapp notes some(prenominal) times how impossible i t was to maintain any type of intimacy in relationships when she had a whole undercover life that nobody else knew of. She felt she was one person at work the responsible, hard-working, intelligent and dedicated source another with each of her boyfriends, another with her parents and siblings, and perhaps could only let her true self come through when she was alone with her lover, her glass of bourbon.Caroline felt an emptiness deep inside, that nothing could counteract except alcohol. She also felt an enormous sense of powerlessness in her own life, and described it in this way As a rule, active alcoholics are powerless people, or at least a lot of us tend to feel that way in our hearts. (Knapp, 1996. p. 178). Perhaps because she was a classic example of the functioning alcoholic, few people in Carolines life ever mentioned her drinking to her as being a problem.When her mother told her that perhaps she was drinking a bit too much, Caroline promised she would only drink two dri nks a day, no matter what. When she was unable to keep that promise, she found one excuse after another. Her own babe, while realizing the problem, skirted the issue with Caroline. While Becca didnt come right out and say that she thought her sister was an alcoholic, Caroline felt shame because she knew on some level her sister knew. Friends and boyfriends alike, seemed to accept the fact that Caroline drank, never seeing much below that superficial level of awareness.Although there were moments of clarity when Knapp realized she must(prenominal) stop drinking, (such as the time she was drunkenly swinging her best friends two daughters or so and fell down, narrowly missing injuring the children), in the end it was no one thing that prompted her to enter rehab. She felt that it would take great bravery to face life without anesthesia, (Iaciofano, 2004, p. 13) yet, in the end, she was able to pull that very courage from somewhere deep inside herself. Ms.Knapps story, full of bad r elationships, years of self doubt and ache, virile addictions and family issues, psychologically goes far beyond the disease of alcoholism itself, and offers tremendous insight into the gut-wrenching need for something to ease the distress that life inflicts. Ms. Knapp notes that You take away the drink and you take away the single most important rule of coping you have. How to talk to people without a drink.. How to experience a real emotionpain or anxiety or sadnesswithout an escape route, a quick way to anesthetize it.How to quiescence at night. (Knapp, 1996, p. 254). References Handrup, Cynthia Taylor. (July-September 1998). Drinking A love life Story. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. Retrieved April 20, 2006, from http//www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_qa3804/is_199807/ai_n8791537/print Iaciofano, Carol. (June 16, 2004). Lyrical Essays distinction a Womans Short Yet Rich Life. Globe. Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http//www. arlindo-correia. com/061203. html Knapp, Caroline. (1996). Drinking A Love Story. New York, Bantam Dell, A Division of Random House.

Priestley’s Paradox

It is assumed that technology has aided the accession in social communication however it important to discuss the effects of technology on upstart font communication. This essay briefly provides a critical opinion on modern communication and provides examples of some interpersonal communication that rely on new technology, its potential advantage and possible dilemma with the use of modern technology in interpersonal communication.The world today is a global world we live in a global village and the world as we know it keeps decreasing due to the rapid branch of technology. The ever increasing speed at the development of new technology creates innovative ways of communication and in more ways than one has changed the way battalion communicate. Although modern communication has some advantages, which entangle convenience, speed, dissemination, and these advantages can be overpowered by disadvantages such(prenominal) as lack of content, language confusion.It will be argued her e(predicate) that the role of modern technology provides methods that hinder interpersonal communication, therefore spot there are trustworthy advantages associated with the increase of communications technology these are evidently outweighed by the disadvantages. Communication is important to humans and a vital part of our world man is a social animal and therefore requires communication as an essential tool for socializing. Focusing on interpersonal communication skills, Eunson (2008, p. 86) defines this as the processes that help, distort or gourmandize communication of messages between individuals but communicating effectively requires some basic skills such as alert listening, usage and interpretation of body language and facial expressions. Technology however has created different channels to resurrect interpersonal communication, invention such as mobile phones, emails, social networks, has made for easier, faster and smarter ways of communicating.This has take to the i nternet becoming an essential instrument in the media and communication strategies of civil society (Bailey, Cammaers, Carpentier 2008, p. 98). However with such availability, communication barriers are constantly increasing, with language confusion and a vast vocabulary of ever ontogeny internet slang. Priestleys paradox suggests that the rapid increase in communications technology has increased the standard but decreased the quality of contemporary communication (Eunson 2008, p. 4-5).Whether or not this statement is entirely true, it is unavoidable that it is very representative of the degree to which communication has deteriorated due to the constant increase of different technologically deepen means of communication. Communication between individuals includes both verbal and non-verbal that can be easily misunderstood depending on the medium of communication. The occurrence of misunderstanding between individuals is heightened because of the lack of personal connection and c ontext.Emails are generally informal, uncrystallised with the use of colloquialisms and jargons, email has rendered irrelevant more direct and often more effective forms of communication such as using telephone, walking down the corridor and talking, or attending meetings (Eunson 2008, p. 208-215). In addition to that, some people take advantage of the accessibility of move an email and say things they wouldnt feel comfortable precept in hardiness to face conversations and messages sent can be misinterpreted or misunderstood by liquidator further reducing the quality of communication.Things such as body language and eye contact is non-existent when it comes to sending emails, these are very essential part of daily conversations and some people use it as an let off to avoid face to face conversation. Many may argue that in the past few historic period the world has undergone radical changes with the amount of available modern communication mediums, and these appears to have ca used an increase in the upshot of social networks.Online communications mediums, weblogs in part, are sites of author audience interaction that differ from face to face performance and traditional reader relationship (Buckingham 2000, p. 207). Most young people spend countless hours on social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter and Yahoo creating friendships and relationships with people they meet in cyberspace. The strangeway in which so many of these interactants see the internet as both an intimate area for exchange, as well as a place for public display, challenges our perceptions of these boundaries (Buckingham & willet 2006, p. 19). The ease at which many disclose personal breeding on the internet via social networking sites is alarming as they generally are exposed to risks of contact with paedophiles (e. g. via stuffing in chat rooms) and often exposure to violent or racist / hate material (Buckingham & Willet 2006, p. 94). Another advantage of communicating via so cial network sites is that people can share ideas and values while maintaining anonymity. Concerns about modern communication is the

How media influences sport

Watching replays we Improve our sleep togetherledge and under(a)standing. Participation In sports c everywhere by the media Is al commissions higher than for those that are not. This amount of sports coerage prat suffer confirmative and negative erects. The first ever majestic games that were televised were the 1936 games, held In Berlin, Ger galore(postnominal), were televised by means of closed circuit video to various viewing halls located across the city. Media c everywhereage of sport helps mutation to prepare the money to get to have their rights to show the sporting events on the television.Also athletics world hon.. On the television helps the athletes to gain sponsorship, sponsors such(prenominal) as Aids or Lola who sponsor the Olympic gold medalist Jessica Nines would have seen Jess potential as an athlete and approached her manager to ask for her sponsorship. Thus giving Jessica money by means of her sponsors. If there was a face of capital of the United Kin gdom 2012, Ennuis is It, and its not something she feels particularly comfortable with. She says she felt embarrassed when she went to her local newsagents and saw herself on the cover of a row of glossy magazines.Jess was being promoted by esters, television adverts and anything that the media could put her face on to promote the Olympics. pull ingest In the Olympic village there was no escape for Nines, she was constantly being asked for photos from foreign athletes or to sign things. Jess was constantly in and out of press conferences as e veryone wanted to hear what the face of the Olympics had to say. She gave very little away but spoke well, with a nod and a smile at the retrovertping point of every sentence. Competitors started to see the pressure she was under.To some extent that extra pressure had been created by Team Nines ND the desire to market her. Could she live up to all that love the nation had shown here is what populate wondered beforehand the 2012 Games. So why would she do this if its added pressure and almost an embarrassment to see her face everywhere? The life story of a athlete Is short lived, to achieve the most of their career they most make the biggest profile for themselves as possible In the short amount of fourth dimension. In the Olympics Lola loved her, so used It to sell moisturizer. mountain lion praised her speed and grace and supplied a black five-litter car.Omega took care of her time- defying needs. Powered, BP and Aviva put their money behind her. Aids gave her a deal said to be the most lucrative of any Team KGB athletics competitor, at IEEE,OHO. So just from the one competition she has managed to gain a awful lot of sponsorship and money. Athletics has a th lead of deferent events within the sport, each having diverse rules in which the athletes must abide by. The media give you an idea approximately these rules because each and every person go away witness athletics on the television or read about it in t he newspaper.From this people are able to analyses and evaluate the event and main an understanding of the event. For example, a person may pick up the rule the he atheist begins the running events from a flatulence start. The event that receives the highest amount of media coverage at the Olympics games other whencece the Olympic opening and closing ceremony, was Susan absquatulate good-natured the ma finial. Susan Bolts with the Jamaican historic gold in the 200 meters final taking eighth place in the London games top 10. However, Jamaica may have had an amazing time in the Olympics winning May gold medals but in a flash they are in the media for a disparate reason.Safe Powell, the former mom world present holder, was the biggest name to test positive, but four others, including Bowels training partner Sharon Simpson, the Olympic relay race gold medalist, also failed tests at the countrys national trials in June. Both Powell and Simpson claim they took supplements that might have been polluted with the banned stimulant Chlorine. This was a big shock o the world of athletics and changes all opinions of the Jamaican athletics squad, making people not look up to them as role models any more(prenominal) than.Another constructive effect the media has on athletics is it helps to mend the articulation levels at grass roots as these people that set down at grass roots will have witness elite athletes in athletics being promoted as role models by the newspapers. This use of a role model is the reason athletics has 1 million new athletes start each year. Once a athlete has started they can simply keep working their way up the performance pyramided to be exactly like their role models. Athletics can be a huge inspiration on peoples lives through the media of television.Many people dont have the come about to keep up sport on satellite television as there is normally a subscription e or a form of payment. Terrestrial television can bring athletics to t hose who have no advance to satellite TV for one reason or another. People that wont normally see athletics, get the hap to learn it and be inspired. Once inspired, anybody may then be encouraged to get involved into athletics and see how much of an amazing sport it really is. But what about when television isnt an option? on that point are a variety of other forms of media that promote sport, such as newspapers, receiving set, books or the internet. A radio channel radio five live is a commentary and chat show. During the Olympics this radio station covered every inch of the Olympic Games so when you were impetuous on the way to and from work you never had the chance of missing a single bit of the 2012 games. Another great form of media is the internet, this is starting to get more and more democratic over the years as technology advances. We have a range of different social media options with in Olympic athletes can use to help promote their image.Jess Nines uses the social m edia site twitter this allows the athlete to share a bit more of themselves with friends and fans, while teaching hem to behave responsibly and act as an ambassador and role model that she is. Also, by Jess being on the twitter it will benefit her sponsors fans that follow their popular athletes on social media are 55% more likely to leverage a brand if an athlete mentions it on twitter Have you ever watched athletics and seen Lawrence Kooky do a very technical spin before launching a discus?And thought- Id love to know how to do that? Through the new technology of the media, we have the ability to go back to that moment and watch it over and over again to look at each and every event, before that throw. We can stop and start our television screens on whatever movement we want to see hence we have our visual guidance from the professional. Therefore, we can film it to the next level and give it ago. This way, the media has managed to make itself its own coaching aid, so we can u se it to help us with our athletics.For example, Sky HAD sports allows you to watch your favorite watch over and over again to see those techniques in action. However, it could be argued that media doesnt always help athletics. To start with, athletics is a popular port but it seems to still in the shadow of other sports such as football or rugby. Therefore, it does not get as much attention through the media, such as terrestrial television. Also, we have two very negative, yet different, effects that the media has on athletics. The first being- lack of attendance to live events- take the 2012 Olympics for example.The BBC had said that It sold 7 million tickets to people all slightly the world, but this was only 80% of the total amount of tickets that they wanted to sell. You may be thinking only 80%? Well it comes down to the media Every single event at he Olympics was shown on terrestrial and satellite TV, therefore legion(predicate) people chose to watch the events from the com fort of their own home rather than purchase tickets and watch the events live from the different venues. This led to a reduced number of tickets sold and people experiencing the atmosphere and witnessing the sports live.What was amazing though was the holding for the face of the Olympics Jess Nines because on day 1 as she started the crawl two long time competing in 7 different events in the heptathlon there was a full crowd at the Olympic stadium who came to support her on the opening day of her events. This Just shows how much of an impact Jess had on the Olympics, for a time funny to see the stadium full- it was jam-packed Everyone wanted to see this girl compete. She is something special. The second being often the media can over load us with sport on television.Using the Olympics again as a great example- the month that it was on- everywhere you looked, people would be watching the Olympics, listening to the Olympics, talking about the Olympics and thinking about the Olymp ics. This could be argued-overload. By the time that it had got to half way through the Olympic period many people could abate that comprehend another Olympic event was becoming tedious. The media were trying to use the Olympics to get people into sport, when really it could be seen as forcing people to be interested in sport.The media pushed and pushed that the Olympic Games legacy was it would leave behind for the phalanx city new and upgraded sports facilities and venues. This would create more Jobs, more area for recreational activities and the chance for people to get down into the next athletic star. Carrying on with the media overloading us with sport there were various campaigns set up to look us involved and interested by the Olympic Games. Nikkei created a television campaign called find your greatness.They created an ad that showed people from all over the world participating in sports in cities that happened to have London in their name, including London, Ohio, Londo n, Norway, and East London, South Africa. McDonalds, a huge fast food brand known all around the world decided in America they would promote the Olympics by offering when you purchase items that have under 400 calories, you can win prizes, some as big as 25,000 dollars and a trip to London. The way it works? An American athletes name appears on all food items that are less than 400 calories, and if your Olympic athlete wins a gold medal, you win a prize.You may not think of McDonalds to be the outgo Olympic sponsor as most of its food isnt exactly suitable for a training athlete. Nevertheless, McDonalds outflank target audience wasnt necessarily athletes, but they were able to create an Olympics campaign that caters to their customer base nonetheless. lots it can feel that the example, in a previous Olympics, the marathon was run at a time which suited TV impasses, even though it was at the hottest time of day The organizers had no control over when the event was run because they wanted it to suite them.Finally, the media does have an interest in promoting British athletics and other national governing bodies for sport as they are showing high profile sporting events more and more, whereby people can become encouraged to take part in these sports. However, they must be apprised of overloading prime time television slots which could have a negative impact on young sports people of the future Also in this report I want to look t not only the positive and negative effects the media has on sport but ways in which the media can improve our modern sport. The medias improved Olympics over the years. 0-50 years ago most fans would have to wait until the next days papers came out to find out the scores of the day before games. Or they might have access to the radio. The increase in televising the Olympic Games has brought more fans as they are able to follow their favorite Olympic event more closely. Over the years technology has increased to the point where even i f your team is not on the television, you can still et up to the second game details through the internet. The media has been the driving force for certain changes in the game as well.For instance the ability to have the world record line run across the pool on our television as the Olympic swimmers travel through the water, has come from the media complaining the swimming wasnt exciting enough as we didnt know what they were fighting for. So now allowing for the possibility of seeing the world record line. The media, by exposing events, teams and athletes more intimately to the public have brought many more fans to the Olympic Games and allowed the Games to drive p the costs of attending a game and in bone marrow that is partly why the facilities are so ridiculously neat.The media can account for another reason for outstanding facilities, they have so many commentaries and editorials about every event that the athletes compete in, giving more motion picture and their sponsors us e this perceived popularity to help them in getting more money. There has been an influence in creating and then helping to correct problems as well. Steroids is a perfect example. In the Olympic 100 meter dah athletes such as Ben Johnson thought steroids helped create an atmosphere in the game where everyone felt they needed to be improving on their times in each race to gain the approval of the media and the fans.They turned to steroids when infixed regimens were not making them enough gains. The media turned a blind eye for a while and then decided to expose the steroid problem in the game. By exposing the problem they basically made it unachievable for Ben Johnson not to address the issue. Now there is random testing and ramifications for getting caught. Sports. They promote the Olympic Games and make them more popular without the media the Olympics would not have the popularity they enjoy today.