The History of surgical Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The History of surgical Technology - Essay Example On the other hand, cutting of the stone refers to perineal lithotomy, suprapubic lithotomy, and transurethral lithotomy. Hippocrates laid the foundation for the practice of modern medicine. His work On Injuries of the Head organized medical and surgical knowledge during the fifth century BC with his original observations and served as a significant guide to surgeons for two millennia. Hence, Hippocrates was revered as the â€Å"Father of Medicine†. Another ancient surgeon, Galen, extensively wrote about surgery during the first century BC, particularly in Tumors Against Nature, regarded as his most significant treatise (Wilkins, 1992; Zimmerman & Veith, 1993) Lambert (n. d.) and , however, revealed there were some serious errors in Galen’s works. During the middle ages, barber-surgeons flourished as a barbers were trained to make salves (i. e., medical ointment), dress wounds and bleed, although Wadd (1827) argued that these surgeons pushed themselves forward much into the practice of surgery. In the mid-fourteenth century, some medical schools were given permission to perform dissections of the human body (Lambert, n. d.). Da Vinci (1982) performed both animal and human dissections around the 16th century and made detailed sketches in his famed notebooks. Meanwhile, Andreas Vesalius distinguished himself in the study of human anatomy, dissection, and as professor of anatomy. His masterpeice De Humani Corporis Fabrica disproved and corrected many of Galen’s theories (Rutkow, 2008). Another Renaissance surgeon, acclaimed as the most celebrated of his time as Ambroise Pare. Pare, himself a barber-surgeon, was also regarded as the â€Å"Father of Modern Surgery†, although the 18th century surgeon John Hunter is also being given the accolate. Among his notable achievements were: the invention of surgical instruments such the hemostat clamp; artificial limbs and eyes; and the truss for use in hernia patients (Zimmerman & Veith, 1993; Lamb ert, n. d.; Kelly, 2009). Nineteenth century surgery experienced much welcome improvements with the discovery of anesthetics with the combined efforts of Humphry Davy, Henry H. Morgan, and James Simpson. Cocaine (1884) and novocaine (1905) were also used for their anesthetic properties. Joseph Lister introduced antiseptic surgery. Robert Lawson Tait successfully saved a women suffering from ectopic pregnancy by surgically removing the fallopian tube. The century ended with another significant discovery by Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen, the X-ray (Lambert, n. d.). More strides in surgery were made in the 20th century with the identification of the different blood types; the invention of the pacemaker and laser; and a series of firsts in surgical history: heart transplant, artificial heart heart and lung transplant, eye surgery, reattachment surgery (Lambert, n. d.). The surgical technologist: a newer addition to the surgical team Ryan-Flynn (2009) described surgical technologists as  "health professionals who work in the surgical suite with surgeons, anesthesiologists, registered nurses and other surgical personnel delivering surgical patient care† (p. 352). The scope of work of a surgical technologist spans three areas: preoperative (before surgery), intraoperative (during surgery) and postoperative (after

Effective Communication Essay Example for Free

Effective Communication Essay Effective communication is the backbone of any business organisation. Discuss. Communication can be defined as a two way process of reaching mutual understanding in which participants not only exchange(encode and decode) information but also create and share meaning. Effective communication is whereby the information send must be received and understood by the receiver in the way intended by the sender and the receiver has to send feedback to confirm the results. Managerial time is largely spent on face to face, electronic or telephone communication with subordinates, supervisors and customers. Views of organizational communication can be categorized as those that view organizational communication as one aspect of an organization versus those that see it as the underlying basis of the organization itself. An example of the former is exemplified by Drenth et al. 1998), who define communication as the sending and receiving of messages by means of symbols and see organizational communication as a key element of organizational climate. The latter viewpoint is reflected by Myers and Myers (1982:34) who define organizational communication as â€Å"the central binding force that permits coordination among people and thus allows for organized Behaviour,† and Rogers and Rogers (1976:3) who argue that â€Å"the behaviour of individuals in organizations is best understood from a communication point of view. The success of the organization greatly depends on the effectiveness of organizational communication, hence to a larger extent, communication can be regarded as the backbone of every business organization and therefore communication needs to be effective and also this is the reason why effective communication skills form vital part of a job requirement, are prerequisite for promotion to higher positions and are essential to all problem solving since they ignite enthusiasm, enhance motivation and hone traits of leadership. The success of an endeavour hinges on the ability to communicate effectively in todays fast paced life, everyone is asked to do more with less. In such a scenario effective communication holds the key. Effectively communication centres round the usage of words, speed of delivery of words, pitch modulation and body language. Using the right tools to communicate the right messages at the right time can salvage crises and motivate people to work towards success. Communication in an organization is inevitable. Departments communicate from time to time in respect to daily activities and the organizations relationship with the external world. It says what it intended via written and unwritten means, either planned or impromptu. It could be hierarchical, that is, from top to bottom or vice versa. It could be formal or informal; vertical, horizontal or diagonal. Whichever means, modes or types of communication, what matters is that communication takes place. At a most basic level, good communication is necessary to be able to follow instructions and to carry out roles. If a member of staff misunderstands what it is that they need to do and the basic functions and roles of the management could not be performed without communication. Planning, organizing, coordinating, budgeting, monitoring, controlling, staffing, delegation; and including marketing, production, financing, staffing (human resource managing), research and development, purchasing, and selling could not be well coordinated, harnessed and their goals achieved without communication Effective communication strengthens the organization’s existing relationships and helps the subordinates to form strong positive bonds in future interactions. In essence through communicating subordinates and management get to agree on certain specific performance standards to control and guide activity towards the attainment of the organization’s overall objectives. If there is poor communication, there lacks uniformity between the required performance and actual performance therefore if communication improves relationships, misunderstandings are reduced. Effective communication is related to self confidence therefore if the organization has in place proper channels of communication subordinates are motivated in the sense that they get feedback for information that would have been passed. If subordinates are given room to respond to instructions in any way, that is, by asking questions or even suggestive questions, it shows to them that they are involved as part of the organization and the sense of belongingness motivates employees. Motivated employees are productive, so in essence one can say effective communication motivates employees hence increases productivity of workers as it even facilitates delegation of duties, reducing overlapping responsibility and work overload. Finally communication increases job satisfaction. Communication facilitates decision making, if two directional communication is used, lower level managers getting a chance to be heard by top management with their work needs being met, proper organizational decisions can be made. Operational managers and their subordinates are believed to have a closer contact with customers and clients, therefore they know better what the customers need at a specific time and the proper decisions are made as to what should the organization do to meet the demands of the consumers(delivering the right merchandise to the right people at he right time and place). Communication also increases participation, that is, if a goal is communicated throughout the organization, the subordinates with the aim of achieving self esteem would want to participate in the attainment of the desired outcome motivated by the rewards they expect from participation, effort and performance(Victor Vroom’s expectancy theory). Production of defects is also reduced by effective communication. Subordinates usually work under instruction, that is, there should however be proper clarification on what really needs to be produced, boiled or roasted chicken. If there are no proper channels of communication, producers end up producing the products that are not required. Effective communication also facilitates coordination between individuals and departments within an organization (production department and the marketing team or the research and development department). Communication reduces and resolves conflicts, for instance resource allocation conflicts, the marketing department and the production department need to communicate well on how the finance department has allocated financial resources for their purposes, failure to communicate results in departmental conflicts. However it is through communication that both individual conflicts and departmental conflicts can be resolved. Leaders should create open communication and state clearly what they could have seen that, heard or experienced that would have influenced their views in the matter at hand as conflict often arises from misunderstanding and misconceptions of what people meant. Everyone allowed should then be allowed to say what is important to them (communicate openly) why is it important and what they are hoping for. Effective communication gives the subordinates the ability to express new ideas and therefore policies and standards can be easily formulated and monitored. For organizations that use budgeting as a planning tool, communication is needed in the process of formulating budgets since the process involves individuals from all departments (functions) to participate in the formulation of functional budgets. Communication helps ensure uniformity and timing of the budgets hence proper allocation of financial resources. Open communication increases trust among subordinates, that is, they will have shared agendas and objectives are revealed to everyone. Open communication is therefore preferable since the parties involved can scrutinize the message fro hidden agendas and meanings without trying to understand the message itself, hence creates supportive climates for subordinates, team building and team work and coordination. Managers use downward communication to direct, inform, coordinate and evaluate subordinates and also to provide job descriptions, rules and policies as well as procedures to the subordinates and the subordinates use upward communication to supply information to the upper levels about what is happening at the lower levels and this comes in form of questions feedback and suggestions. However in the process of communicating, the parties involved encounter certain barriers that may haunt communication, these may include differing perceptions, language, noise inconsistent verbal and non-verbal communication, emotionality, information overload, filtering of information and increased specialization as in lateral communication. Differing perceptions, that is when the receiver often sees or hears information depending on his/her needs, motivations, experience and background. Language refers to the words used, words mean different things to different people for example the term ‘short term’ in the research and development would mean six to nine years while in the hotel industry the period may range from four to six months. Language difference may also come in the form of jargon. Non-verbal communication is often accompanied by oral communication for example showing anger in the tone of the voice. Emotional reactions such as anger, jealous, hate and fear influence how we understand others’ messages. Information overload occurs when the information received exceeds the capabilities of the human information system, that is, when the subordinate is overloaded with reports, manuals, letters, memos, which he/she has to go through within a limited time as a result the subordinate will ignore some of the things or there will be delay on his part which will hinder communication within the organization. Information can be shortened or lengthened such that at the end the original information can be distorted. To sum up one can say that regardless of the above mentioned shortcomings communication remains the backbone of any organization since there are certain measures that can be put in place to overcome the barriers, some of which are that parties involved should carefully understand the background of each other and thoroughly explain the message, emphasizing and seeing the situation from the other person’s point of view to remove ambiguity in messages. Using simple language and ask for feedback, confirming and restating the main points of the message. Gestures, postures and facial expressions and other non-verbal communication should agree with the message. Subordinates should talk about their concerns and should pay special attention to what they say. Organizations can also introduce casual recreational activities so that managers can meet their subordinates on an informal basis for example organizing a sports day where organizational problems can be discussed on an informal basis. In general, removing communication in an organization, we are going to have dead entity, good for nothing and worth been shut down. Communication is the backbone for organizations success since it increases the will to work, skill to work, and thrill to work.

Dystopian And Utopian Elements Film Studies Essay

Dystopian And Utopian Elements Film Studies Essay With close reference to no more than three postmodern films discuss the dystopian and utopian elements evident in their mise-en-scene. This essay will analyze Ridly Scotts Blade Runner (1982) and Alfonso Cuarons Children of Men (2006) in order to discuss dystopian elements evident in their mise-en-scene. The film begins with a panoramic view of the directors vision of Los Angeles in 2019. The night sky of the cityscape is lit an unnatural reddish hue and broken up by towering black skyscrapers and chimneys out of which sheets of flame erupt. This shot has the effect of immediately setting the scene for a post apocalyptic dystopia with the city being portrayed as demonic in the judeao- Christian tradition. At street level the sense of alienation the protagonist, Deckard, feels is reflected in the ethnic mix of his fellow Los Angelians. Hordes of Orientals throng about him. This sense of cultural alienation is compounded by witnessing Deckard struggling to order food from an oriental s treet vendor who struggles to understand what he is saying. The following scene further affirms this when a police officer arrests Deckard in order to bring him in for an assignment. The officer cant even arrest Deckard in English and the proprietor of the noodle stand has to translate for him. Another way in which the mise-en-scene conveys themes of dystopia in this sequence can be observed in the attire worn by the people in the street around Deckard. An eclectic mix of mismatched, castoff and recycled clothing is evident which seems somewhat contradictory when one considers this is also a society where space travel is normal and there is an abundance of flying cars. Continuing on this theme, the streets of Los Angeles are presented as being thoroughly dank, dirty and are perpetually strewn with refuse. Technologically advanced society where the common people still live in dirty, squalid conditions is a common trope of dystopian SF. Its function is to interrogate contemporary anxi eties regarding late capitalism and its effect on society. The mise-en-scene effectively conveys to the viewer this anxiety surrounding late capitalism and its dystopian undertones in a number of ways. The first and most symbolic way is through the opening shots of the Tyrell Corporation building: a gleaming glass and concrete pyramid reaching so far above street level as to be lit by natural sunlight: everything and everywhere else is dark and wet. Tyrell, Batty ironically observes, is the God of bio-mechanics and bio-mechanics is the citys ruling technology. Andrew Milner This immediately has the effect of emphasising the fact that it is corporate power that has shaped and moulded this apocalyptic vision of Los Angeles. Further examples of mise-en-scene which convey dystopian anxieties pertaining to late capitalism can be found in the repeated shots of enormous neon billboards which advertise various commodities, notably Coca-Cola, the product that perhaps best sums up the multinational corporate power of late capitalism. Additionally, a huge metal airship circles the city. Studded with searchlights, emblazoned with adverts and bellowing advertisements out of loud speakers it appears several times throughout the film. It could be argued that there is something inherently dystopian about such an imposing and intrusive contraption, especially during one scene where it shines its searchlights on Pris and Sebastian through the holes in the roof. Alfonso Cuarons vision of an infertile Britain in 2027 also makes effective use of mise-en-scene to convey dystopian themes. Unlike the corporation dominated future of Blade Runner, the society in which the protagonists inhabit in Children of Men is dystopian in part due to a fascistic, totalitarian British government that controls its subjects through fear and oppression. The sequence when Theo catches the train home from work (3:55) contains several elements of mise-en-scene that convey these dystopian themes. It is apparent that the Government broadcasts propaganda on public transport, in this instance its function being to warn the population about the insidious menace of illegal immigrants: Hes my dentist, shes my housekeeper, hes my cousin, they are illegal immigrants. Hiring, feeding or sheltering illegal immigrants is a crime. This is followed by a reminder to citizens that whilst the rest of the world has apparently collapsed, Only Britain soldiers on. This is command and co ntrol through fear in a classically Orwellian sense of the idea. These recordings bare a strikingly similar resemblance to the ubiquitous propaganda spouting telescreeens of 1984. Further aspects of mise-en-scene with dystopian undertones can also be identified in this scene. The train has metal grills protecting its windows, an ominous signifier of the level of crime in this society. They are quickly proven to be necessary when large group of adolescents pelt the train with rocks as it goes past. Graffiti is also used as a frequent reminder both of the level of antisocial behaviour and also the despair and nihilism that is felt in this society. Daubed on a billboard behind the group of youths is a slogan that reads Last one to die, turn out the lights. After alighting at the station, Theo walks past several armed soldiers and cages full of wailing immigrants. These cages are a sad sign of how this society has become utterly desensitized to human suffering, it is apparent that nobod y pays the people inside them the slightest bit of attention as they walk past. Throughout the film it is evident that although the narrative takes place 21 years after the films release, the technology of this future world has not improved in any significant way. This helps to convey the general trend of atrophy and stagnation that is an important theme in Children of Men. Throughout the narrative there are numerous instances where the mise-en-scene reflects this trend. For example, unlike Blade Runners rather optimistic portrayal of flying cars in 2019, British cars in 2021 appear pretty much identical to contemporary cars. If anything, they actually appear inferior, embodying perhaps a natural culmination of the modern trend for plastic, ugly Japanese manufactured cars that exist today. In certain instances it is apparent that technology has actually regressed. This is evident in the opening sequence where motorized rickshaws can be observed travelling down a street in London. In a further example of how the pace of technological advancement has in effect hal ted, the army and Homeland Security forces appear to use only contemporary weapons and hardware. It appears there have been no improvements in arms technology at all in the 21 years since the films release. For example, in the scene where Theo walks past the cages of immigrants at the tube station, the guards are armed with XM8 assault rifles weapons that were designed for the United States military in the nineties. The only minor exception to this lack of technological advancement can be found in the final battle sequence. Several soldiers in this sequence appear to be wearing some kind of HUD eyepiece device on their helmets, although this technology has been under development for some years and is not in itself particularly revolutionary. The governments control through fear and intimidation is evident in many of the scenes set in London and later in the Bexhill refugee camp. Again returning to the scene where Theo alights from the train, after walking past the cages he passes an army checkpoint complete with sniffer dogs and vehicle mounted heavy machine guns. This is reminiscent of Britain during the height of the terror alerts when Scimitar tanks and road blocks were deployed to defend airports against the threat of suicide bombers. In this sequence the fact that none of the public appears troubled by the sight of all this hardware arrayed against them is a further indication of just how routine this state of alert has become to the British people in 2021. A further example of this theme can be found in the sequence at 11:20 where Theo walks past a tower block that is being raided by security forces. The mise-en-scene in this sequence is inherently dystopian. A line of imposing riot police officers armed with trunc heons and shields denies access to the public whilst the black-suited Homeland Security forces menace the huddled occupants of the tower with assault rifles before throwing them into cages. It has already been mentioned that part of the reason for the dystopian nature of Children of Mens society is down to the totalitarian government. The mise-en-scene pertaining to the apparatus of their rule reflects this. For example, the faceless, abusive black suited government officials which appear throughout the film are a common motif in dystopian fiction. Also the vehicles the Homeland Security forces use are intimidating and authoritarian. For example, the vehicle that Sid the immigration official drives is a black, heavily armoured 44. It is also kitted out with what appears to be a remote-controlled Gatling gun mounted on the roof which swivels to track Theo as he emerges from the derelict school. All the government vehicles also appear to be equipped with loud-speakers which their occupants use to shout at the civilian population. This serves to further highlight the level of state oppression. The most powerful themes of dystopian governmental oppression are evident in the mise-en-scene during the Bexhill processing sequence. The protagonists are forced aboard a Homeland Security bus and driven past a heavy military presence outside the camps entrance. The camera angle changes to a first person perspective inside the bus looking out of one of the wire mesh covered windows. Somehow the view outside of two black Chinook helicopters flying in the opposite direction over a bleak moor manages to convey the sheer sense of hopelessness and futility of the protagonists situation and appears at the same time uniquely dystopian in nature. The mise-en-scene in the following sequence is perhaps the most useful to analyze in order to identify dystopian themes. The bus stops at a check point and search lights pierce the darkness and illuminate the busses occupants. A soldier with a large dog on a chain boards the bus and drags people off more or less at random if he doesnt like the look of them. From the activity that is visible outside it is easy to deduce that a nybody taken off the bus will be systematically stripped, beaten and shot. This scene seems to be constructed to be reminiscent of the way that Jews were treated upon entering similar camps in World War 2. A Nazi commandant would often stand at the entrance and Jews that he deemed that fit for labour would be sent off to the right whilst the once that werent would be sent off to the left and summarily shot. The Homeland Security soldiers in this scene behave in a similar fashion. The guard departs from the bus with the final remark You people fucking disgust me, uttered in such a way that there can be no doubt about their new status as beings that are less than human. A quote by Slavoj Zizek sums this scene up: And is it not that, in a strictly homologous way, the liberal warriors are so eager to fight the anti-democratic fundamentalism that they will end by flinging away freedom and democracy themselves if only they may fight terror? This is an apt quote, especially when one considers the hooded detainees in cages outside the bus which appear chillingly reminiscent of our contemporary equivalent, Guantanamo Bay, and the politics of fear that surround the Wests War on Terror. Word Count: 1928

Science I-search Essay -- Cloning Genetics Genes Essays

Science I-search When the word scientist is mentioned, the public most commonly accepts this word in a positive sense. Scientists are known to find the cure for diseases and heal people through their research. Not until the genetic revolution have scientists been shunned and viewed as malevolent to the community. When the term genetic revolution is used, I am pertaining mainly to the issue of cloning. After the new discovery by Scottish researchers, who were responsible for creating the sheep that captured the attention of the world, the society's reproduction and moral issues have taken a different meaning in life. Since this new discovery of cloning scientists now have more power than ever and along with this power comes great consequences. Disturbing the genetic make up of someone can result in being so positive that all will prosper, or so negative that the effects may be catastrophic to mankind. What I know: The issue of cloning entered my life at the end of my tenth grade year. At such a young age, the topic of a person who was identical to another person was "cool" when I was first introduced to the idea. Then I realized how unbalanced our world could be if mass production of cloning was to occur. The issue of being responsible for someone's future is disturbing to a great deal of our society. The majority of people believe that God is the only one that should be responsible for creating and putting together the uniqueness of a human. In some forms, cloning can be positive because research can possibly explain on what exactly caused the death of an individual by cloning that person and testing for the exact cause of death. All that I have learned and come to comprehend about cloning has come from a Christian point o... ...ibly be disturbed for thousands and thousands of generations to come. That's why I take the opinion of Doctor Dixon when he states that, "the world must go under cohesive legislation backed by global agreement." If agreement is established in this sense then at least we can act as a true united society while traveling into the genetic revolution. Works Cited Page 1.) Dixon Patrick Dr. Multi-Media Lecture. www.digiweb.com/~pdixon/realvieo/sciencestop.html 2.) "Cloning issues in reproduction, Science, and Medicine". Issued January 1998. www.dti.gov.uk/hgac/papers/papers_c.htm 3.) Ken Olsen, Ph.D. "Cloning: Issues questions and answers". www.fb.com/views/com/cloning.html 4.) Dixon Patrick Dr. "Should we ban human cloning". www.globalchange.com/clonaid.htm 5.) Dixon Patrick Dr. "Frequent human cloning updates". www.globalchange.com/clonenews.htm

Farewell the Tranquil Mind! :: essays research papers

Shakespeare might very well have made the decision to name his play â€Å"Iago† and not â€Å"Othello,† but I suppose he had a knack for catchy titles. Since it is Othello’s tragedy, even if it is Iago’s play, â€Å"Iago† would be an inappropriate title, especially since it is not Iago’s life that is ruined, and although he takes part in most—if not all—of the action in the play, it still revolves around Othello. That notion aside, one might take the time to raise more important or deeper points of discussion surrounding and filling the play. Notice that Iago’s reason for driving Othello to ruin is jealousy. Iago was passed up for a promotion, and became jealous. So what did he do? He made Othello so crazy that he passed out in epileptic seizures, and so jealous that he killed his one true love, Desdemona. The most basic â€Å"eye for an eye,† it is quite probable that this is Shakespeare’s way of commenting on human nature. Every character that speaks of Iago calls him honest. Perhaps he was at one point, but it is obvious that he has always been a rascal. During the storm, when Desdemona, Iago, and the others are waiting for Othello to arrive, Iago jokes about women being fair and wise or fair and foolish, etc., and the others are entertained by his crassness. It is certain that they are all familiar with and fond of each other, and in their closeness, regard Iago as a sharp-witted, and even sharper tongued, shameless rascal. This combined with the fact that they all consider him honest, they hold him dear and, to their detriment, trust him. It is important to note Iago’s relationships with the other characters, and to see exactly how it is that he plays them like pawns. He pretends to be the one true friend, feigning concern and jumping at every opportunity to manipulate. He uses the trust of Othello to drive him crazy, and the trust of Cassio to lead him into a trap, for if he had not done as Iago advised, then Othello never would have had reason for his initial suspicion. His wife Emilia and good friend Roderigo are simply his ignorant accomplices that, even though some suspicion may arise in their minds of his motives, still do as he says and believe his lies. But no such suspicion could have foretold what Iago had planned in his head.

Ralph Ellison :: Music Literature Papers

Ralph Ellison Ba-Bap. . .he hit the snare so hard and so clean-right with the bass player, and each of Elvin Jones's four extremities went into motion. The piano played one of those thick McCoy Tyner chords with that deep thoughtful jazz sound that makes my body twitch ever so slightly with momentary satisfaction and anticipation. A split-second descending right-handed run from the piano and Bshhh. . .Elvin let the symbol resonate and moved in with his deadly swinging crisp high hat cht, cht, cht, cht, just as the horns stated the melody in unison a fourth apart. Then, with a punchy five-note line the sax player began his solo. After that phrase he stopped and waited-allowing a few bars to roll by as he felt the rhythm and absorbed the harmonies the piano player offered in response to his line. With his head bent down as if in prayer, he countered with a longer, smoother second phrase that elaborated on the first one but then confidently let his last unresolved note bang out over the audience. I felt my legs moving under me and my head bobbing slightly, and my jaw began to open and shut tightly as if to sing the next phrase. As the solo progressed, I felt I had to hold my breath, waiting for each of the horn player's thoughts to finish before I could take a full breath. The phrases began to get faster and closer together until he was rapidly firing notes out of his horn, and there was increasingly less space to breathe. The notes came in clusters and bursts of creative energy. His ideas seemed to flow from deep within the realms of the uncons cious until he seemed no longer to be in control of his thoughts. Yet, despite the speed of the notes and ideas, he was completely in control and fooled everyone by deftly taking his time-moving slowly 'out' of the scale so subtly that the audience didn't even notice until five minutes later with sweat pooling on his forehead, he had taken his solo all the way "outside" of the music and continued pushing his band further on and outer still. Elvin came crashing down on his kit playing fierce poly patterns that evolved into a rhythmic game of tag with the horn player that just got more and more intense until at last the horn player reached way up and seemed to pull a screeching note out of the ceiling and scream out into the club, before physically bending that note back into the music.

Compare ‘The Soldier’ written by Rupert Brooke and ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’ written by Wilfred Owen

Lately we have studied two poems that were written during the time of World War One. They were ‘The Soldier' written by Rupert Brooke and ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth' written by Wilfred Owen. Both of these poets were soldiers involved in fighting during World War One. ‘The Soldier' is an uplifting and optimistic poem looking at the positive side of dying for your country when going to war. I think the poet Rupert Brooke wrote the poem to send home to his family to reassure them if he died it would be peacefully and not in pain. In the first stanza Brooke is saying that if he dies while away in this foreign country, that he'll leave a part of England there. The following quotation is an example that he is English through-and-through: â€Å"A dust whom England bore, shaped, made aware, Gave, once, her flowers to love, her ways to roam.† He was born and brought up with a certain kind of English lifestyle and culture. He then goes on to describe the flowers and winding paths making us think of England as idyllic and peaceful. He uses personification in the first line of the quote. It compares England to a woman giving birth to a child and bringing it up. In the second stanza Brooke describes England as a country of no evil and that he will remember it forever, he'll always have happy memories from the past when he lived in England. Some of the best memories being times he's spent with the people he loved. The final line in stanza two is: â€Å"In hearts at peace, under an English heaven.† This conveys that England has shaped him into who he is and he is proud of it. ‘The Soldier' is a sonnet. A sonnet is a 14-line poem used to express personal feelings. His choice of words describe his personal feelings as well. These words all add reassurance to the poet's relatives that if he dies, it will be peaceful. Examples of the words used to describe the peacefulness are: â€Å"blest, dream, gentleness, peace and heaven†. One of the main features that the poet uses in this in this poem is repetition. The most widely used word that the poet uses repeatedly is ‘England' and ‘English' adding to the patriotism and significance that England has to him it isn't just a place it represents a culture and a set of values as well. The structure of the poem is that it has two verses and 14 lines in total. The rhyming scheme is- A B A B C D C D – E F G E F G Each letter represents a line, two lines with the same letter means that it rhymes. Brooke uses alliteration, the consonant that is being repeated is an ‘f', it is a soft sound yet again showing calmness and peacefulness: â€Å"That there's some corner of a foreign field That is forever England.† Other alliteration such as: â€Å"Her sights and sounds†, â€Å"Dream happy as day†, And, laughter, learnt of friends†. All these show how the poet feels about the possibility of his death. He is optimistic and knows he is prepared to die fighting for his country. The other poem ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth' written by Wilfred Owen is also a sonnet. ‘Doomed youth' mean all those young men to be sent to war and on the front are destined to die. In the poem the poet expresses his views on what should happen to these people when they die. They all should be given a funeral and a proper send off, even those on the battlefield. You can tell this because throughout the poem he mentions funerals and church services. The first stanza suggests the horror of death and how they compare these men to animals † For those who die as cattle.† There deaths have been brutal and violent. The first stanza demonstrate this, it is full of noise and violence to show the pandemonium of the battle compared to the funeral they would have had at home and how it differs: â€Å"No prayers, bells, nor any voice of mourning save the choirs† The second stanza is more peaceful and shows the grief of the relatives when they find out what's happened and in the second stanza it looks at the kind of send off they would have had if they had been at home. It uses words such as ‘candles', ‘hands of boys', ‘their pall', ‘holy glimmers of goodbyes' and ‘flowers' all things that are related to a church service. The final line of this poem depicts the morning of the soldier's relatives: â€Å"And each slow dusk a drawing-down of blinds.† When a death occurred during this period the families who had lost people they loved, closed the blinds to show their sadness and to keep the rest of the world out. In this case the consonant being repeated is ‘D'. D is a harsh sound stressing the relatives coping with losing a loved one. This poem is also a sonnet it shows personal feeling of what the poet though about not getting a proper send off. The rhyming scheme is- A B A B C D C D – E F F E G G The poem ends with a rhyming couplet that means the last two lines rhyme. In the first stanza the poet uses onomatopoeia to demonstrate the sound on the battlefield: â€Å"Only the stuttering rifles rapid rattle† It is also an example of alliteration. This poem is against war and the inappropriate way these men have lost their lives. The general mood of he poem is anger and sadness. Anger because the young men died unnecessarily without having much of a life and sadness because all these people are dying needlessly and others are mourning because of this. ‘The Soldier' and ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth' are both sonnets with two stanza and 14 lines but both poem are completely different in their take of the same situation.